I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

[The first thing the monarch did after being elected was to recognize the privileges of the electors. ]

[In addition, the Golden Bull established the various privileges of the electors and bound many powerful positions in the empire to the electors, such as the judicial privileges of the electors. ]

[That is to say, the subjects in their territories must be tried in their own territories, similar to the modern extradition regulations, and they also have privileges such as the right to mint coins. ]

……

“Isn’t this a country within a country?”

Many ancient people in all dynasties thought in their hearts.

……

[And the status of the elector itself has the important right to elect the emperor. ]

[Therefore, although the title of elector itself does not grant additional territory outside their territory, we can still regard it as the most powerful title in the Holy Roman Empire. 】

……

Many ancient people in the past dynasties nodded slightly.

The mere right to vote to decide who will be the emperor is enough to show the extraordinaryness of the electors.

However.

From another perspective, these electors do not have real power because they are electors.

It is because they have strong enough strength that they become electors.

……

[In later history, the number of electors has undergone many changes, with a maximum of 10 and a minimum of 6. ]

[In 1806, at the request of Napoleon, Holy Roman Emperor Franz II was forced to give up the title of Holy Roman Emperor. ]

[The Holy Roman Empire fell, and the electoral system also disappeared in the long river of history. ]

……

The plane of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang thought in his heart.

This electoral system is indeed beneficial to the Holy Roman Empire, which is full of vassal states.

It can prevent the vassal states from fighting for the throne, and finally both sides will suffer losses and be taken advantage of by foreign enemies.

Especially in Europe, there are big countries like Gaul.

If this method is not adopted to avoid internal strife and unite forces, it is likely to be defeated one by one.

At the same time.

Such an electoral system can elect a relatively competent emperor.

Avoid the emergence of super-incompetent emperors, or a bunch of baby emperors like the Han Dynasty.

Of course, Zhu Yuanzhang did not think that this election would be fair and just.

On the contrary, he was sure that there would be all kinds of unfair factors in the election process.

Secret transactions, coercion and inducement will be inevitable.

In addition.

From the perspective of a country, so many privileged electors are a threat to central power.

It even threatens whether the imperial power of the Holy Roman Empire can be strengthened.He was skeptical of the fact that he could travel freely in the empire.

Even if these issues were put aside, he was not interested in the "Elective System".

Because in his heart, the throne of the Ming Dynasty belonged to his Zhu family, and outsiders could not touch it.

This concept was not unique to Zhu Yuanzhang.

For all ancient Chinese emperors, the dynasty was their family's kingdom.

……

[Finally, there is the family inheritance system. ]

[In our ancient Chinese feudal dynasties, this system was adopted. ]

[Specifically, there are three main types of family inheritance systems, namely "father's death and son's succession", "establishing the eldest son as the heir", and "brother's death and younger brother's succession". ]

[Among these three ways of succession to the throne, the absolute advantage is "father's death and son's succession" and "establishing the eldest son as the heir". 】

[Strictly speaking, the two systems of succession to the throne, "the son succeeds the father" and "the eldest son of the legitimate wife" are actually the same system of succession to the throne. 】

[Because the system of succession to the throne "the son succeeds the father" is a branch of the system of succession to the throne "the son succeeds the father". 】

[In addition to these three systems, there are many less well-known systems of succession to the throne, such as "the nephew succeeds the uncle" and "the nephew succeeds the uncle", but these usually only happen under special circumstances. 】

……

Many ancient people in all dynasties nodded slightly.

In the ancient dynasties of China, in most cases, it can be considered that the eldest son of the legitimate wife is a fusion of "the son succeeds the father" and "the eldest son of the legitimate wife".

When the eldest son of the legitimate wife has an accident or is abolished for some reason, the other legitimate sons will have priority in inheritance.

As for other inheritance systems, they only appear in special circumstances such as when the previous emperor has no descendants or when powerful ministers are monopolizing power.

……

[In terms of specific inheritance methods, it can usually be divided into: "preparatory succession" and "secret succession". ]

["Preparatory succession" is easy to understand, that is, to determine the crown prince in advance and train him in advance. ]

[In ancient Chinese feudal dynasties, this method was adopted most of the time. ]

[However, during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Yongzheng invented a more special "secret succession" method. ]

……

The eyes of many emperors in the past dynasties looking at the giant screen in the sky became more focused.

This is what they are most looking forward to seeing from this video.

How is this "secret succession" done?

……

[The direct reason for the birth of this succession method was the "Nine Sons Fighting for the Crown Prince" during the reign of Emperor Kangxi. 】

[The so-called "Nine Princes' Battle for the Throne" refers to the fierce battle among the princes for the throne after Emperor Kangxi abolished the crown prince. Many officials in the court also split into multiple parties because of the issue of the crown prince. 】

[Later, in the battle for the throne among the nine princes, the fourth prince won and ascended the throne to become Emperor Yongzheng. 】

[YongAfter Emperor Zheng ascended the throne, he learned the lesson of the "Nine Sons Fighting for the Crown Prince" during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, and decided to implement a new way of appointing the crown prince, that is: secretly appointing the crown prince. 】

……

The plane of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Shimin sighed in his heart.

In the dynasty, the struggle for the throne is really never-ending.

Let's just say that the Tang Dynasty, according to the people of later generations, few emperors succeeded to the throne normally.

Next.

He continued to look at the giant screen in the sky.

……

[To put it simply, this method is that the emperor determines the candidate for the crown prince by himself, and will not announce it publicly, but write it into two identical secret edicts. 】

[One secret edict is sealed in a small box and hidden behind a plaque at the highest point in the palace in front of all the ministers, so as to convey to the people a message that "the crown prince has been appointed, and the world is stable." 】

[The other secret edict was kept by the emperor himself. 】

[Before the emperor died, he passed on the throne based on the names of the princes written on the two secret edicts. 】

[In this way, even if the emperor encountered an accident and failed to take out the secret edict he kept, or others could not find the secret edict, there was also the secret edict behind the plaque as proof. 】

[The four emperors Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Xianfeng after Yongzheng were all selected to ascend the throne in this way. 】

……

The plane of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

While looking at the giant screen in the sky, Li Shimin pondered the method of "secretly establishing the crown prince".

From the most direct perspective, this method can avoid fierce and direct fighting between princes for the throne and ensure a smooth transition of the throne.

Because the princes are fighting in confusion, without a clear direction or a clear common target, they will not do anything out of line.

This can protect the heir chosen by the emperor and prevent him from being maliciously framed.

In addition, depriving the ministers of the right to suggest the succession can also prevent the ministers from forming factions and fighting with different princes, which is also good for maintaining the stability of the court.

But there are gains and losses.

The defects of this "secret succession" method are also obvious in Li Shimin's eyes.

The most direct point is that because the crown prince cannot be exposed in advance, the crown prince will lack the opportunity to train, cannot be fully and completely trained, and there is a risk of not having the ability to govern the country in the future.

Moreover, compared with the widely recognized system of primogeniture, this "secret succession" method is a little worse in terms of legal legitimacy.

Even.

Li Shimin also thought of one thing. Under this "secret succession" method, if there is a daring and crazy prince, it is very likely that the target of struggle is directly directed to the emperor.

The location of the secret decree is certain, and regicide and tampering with the secret decree may not be impossible.

Li Shimin kept thinking in his heart, weighing the pros and cons of this method.

At the same time.

In hisThe plane of the rest of the dynasties.

There are many emperors who, like Li Shimin, are thinking about the pros and cons of the "secret succession" method.

……

[After talking about the situation in China, let's look at the situation in foreign countries. ]

[The situation of kinship inheritance in the West is actually similar to that in ancient China, mainly the eldest son inheritance system, that is, the eldest child of the monarch has the highest priority of inheritance. ]

[If the monarch has no children, other close relatives will inherit according to a certain rule. ]

[Of course, in addition to this, there is also a special inheritance system such as the Ottoman inheritance law. ]

……

Many ancient people from all dynasties recalled the Ottoman inheritance law they had seen before, and they couldn't help but sigh in their hearts.

It is really a bloody and cruel system of succession to the throne.

Of course, the effect is also very significant.

Many ancient people still remember the saying of the tenth generation of wise monarchs.

……

[In addition, a special point that needs to be noted is that in some Western countries, female royal family members also enjoy the right of inheritance. ]

[For example, countries such as the Kingdom of Gallicus strictly implement the Salic Law of Succession, excluding all female inheritance rights, usually giving priority to sons, and then brothers or brothers' sons. ]

[In countries that do not implement the Salic Law of Succession, although women have the right of inheritance, they must rank behind men of the same level. ]

[So, it is not easy to become a queen legally in Europe. ]

……

"So that's it."

Many ancient people from all dynasties suddenly realized it.

Now they understand why there are queens in the West. It turns out that there are legal inheritance rights in some countries.

……

[Okay, this is the end of this issue. 】

[Time is limited, so it is impossible to cover everything. If you know other special monarch succession systems, please leave a message in the comment area. 】

……

After a brief conclusion.

The video ends.

On the giant screen in the sky.

The video refreshes.

A new video appears.

[The ancients used blood to identify relatives. Is this method credible? 】

……

As soon as this line of big words appeared on the giant screen in the sky, it instantly attracted the attention of many ancient people from all dynasties.. ........

Of course.. ........

These ancient people all came from the Three Kingdoms plane and the plane of dynasties after the Three Kingdoms.

Because the method of blood identification was created during the Three Kingdoms.

Then with the development of ancient society, this method was regarded as a standard and no one doubted it.

Therefore

At this moment, many ancient people before the Three Kingdoms plane were very curious about what the blood test meant.

And many ancient people in the Three Kingdoms and the dynasties after the Three Kingdoms plane were concerned about the answer to this question. Is the blood test reliable or not?

……

[We often see such a scene in ancient costume TV dramas. ]

[In order to verify blood relationship, the government will let the suspect and his direct descendants perform a blood test during the interrogation. ]

[Seeing the blood dripping into the bowl and melting together or separating, many people feel so magical, full of mystery and ritual. ]

[But is blood test really effective? ]

……

Many ancient people in all dynasties looked at the giant screen in the sky with more and more concentration, waiting for the answer to be revealed.

"Is there something wrong with the blood test?"

In the Wu Zhou plane, Di Renjie thought in his heart.

Based on the experience of watching videos before, when people in later generations say this, it means that this method is probably problematic.

Just like the video about the "silver hairpin poison test" method that I watched before.

……

[There are two methods of blood recognition in ancient times, one is the bone dripping method, and the other is the blood merging method. ]

[The bone dripping method refers to dripping the blood of a living person on the bones of a dead person. If it penetrates into the bones, it means that the living person dripping the blood and the bones have a direct blood relationship. If it cannot penetrate, it means that there is no relative relationship. ]

[The blood merging method means that if you need to determine whether two living people are direct relatives, let each of them drop a drop of blood in clear water, and then observe whether they will merge together and become one. If they merge into one, it means that they are direct relatives. ]

……

Before the Three Kingdoms plane.

Many ancient people showed surprise in their eyes.

This method of recognition is really the first time they have heard of it, and they all think it is quite novel.

And then, they are also curious about whether these two methods are useful?

……

[Let’s talk about the bone dripping method first. 】

【This method first appeared in the Three Kingdoms period. 】

【According to the "Biography of the Sages of Kuaiji", during the Three Kingdoms period, there was a man named Chen Ye. His brother died while crossing the sea. Many people on the same ship died. The ship drifted on the sea for many days. When they were found, the bodies had rotted and it was difficult to distinguish the identities of the bodies. 】

【Chen Ye was heartbroken and said, "I heard that relatives are connected by blood." So he cut his wrist and dripped blood on the bones. The blood that seeped into the bones was his relatives. Other relatives who came to claim the bodies did the same, and finally found the bones of their relatives. 】

【Later, this method was widely circulated and recorded by Song Ci, a forensic doctor in the Song Dynasty, in "Xiyuan Jilu", called: the method of dripping bones to check relatives. 】

【But in fact, this method is extremely unreliable. 】

……

Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Liang Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of Liang.

Prince Xiao Zan of Yuzhang was stunned when he saw this.

Then.

He temporarily put aside a decision in his mind.

…

Southern Song plane.

Song Ci 5.7 was also stunned.

This 5.7 planeThe law is unreliable?

He hurriedly continued to look at the giant screen in the sky, waiting for more explanations.

……

[Because no matter whether the bones are preserved in the open air or buried in the soil, after a long time, the soft tissue will generally be completely dissolved and disappeared after corruption, the hair and nails will fall off, and finally only the skeleton will be left. ]

[The surface of the skeleton is often corroded and crispy, and anyone's blood will be soaked in. ]

[If the bones are not dry, the structure is intact, and there is still soft tissue on the surface, no one's blood will be soaked in. ]

[In other words, whether the blood can be soaked in depends only on the state of the bones, and has nothing to do with whose blood it is. ]

[Of course, using this method to recognize relatives is extremely unreliable. ]

……

Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Liang Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of Liang Period.

Yuzhang Wang Xiao Zan called a guard and asked him to cut his finger and let some blood out, then waved him away.

After the guard left, he took out a bone and dripped the guard's blood on it.

Soon, the guard's blood seeped into the bone.

"So that's how it is."

Xiao Zan muttered to himself.

After confirming that the bone dripping method was unreliable, he completely gave up the original decision in his mind.

At this time, Xiao Zan's son did not know that he had escaped the disaster of being killed.

The bone that Xiao Zan took out belonged to Donghun Hou.

Because some people in the court said that he was not the biological son of Emperor Wu of Liang, but the posthumous son of Donghun Hou who was killed by Emperor Wu of Liang.

He secretly dug up Donghun Hou's mausoleum, got the corpse, and then used the bone dripping method.

In the original historical time and space, in order to further verify, he would kill his own son who was still in the cradle, and use the bone dripping method again, and finally firmly believe that he is indeed the posthumous son of Donghunhou.

Now that he knows that the bone dripping method is fake, he will naturally not kill his own son again. .