I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

[Among the students of Cheng and Cheng, apart from Lü Dalin, the most famous one is Yang Shi, the protagonist of "Standing in the Snow at Cheng's Door". ]

[This person later accepted a student born in Nanjianzhou, named Li Dong. ]

[Speaking of Nanjianzhou, who do you think of? ]

[Yes, Zhu Xi. ]

[Li Dong is Zhu Xi's teacher, so in terms of seniority, Zhu Xi is the third-generation disciple of Cheng and Cheng. ]

[On the basis of Cheng and Cheng, he further strengthened the system of Neo-Confucianism. ]

……

Many dynasties before the Southern Song Dynasty.

Many ancient scholars looked at the giant screen in the sky more and more attentively.

In the previous video, they already knew that Zhu Xi was honored as Zhuzi in many dynasties in later generations, and was even regarded as a Confucian saint.

For such a great man's thought theory, they naturally want to learn more about it.

……

[If the two Chengs still proved that "reason" is the universe's ontology from a theoretical point of view, and gave Confucianism the magic of "sacred value", then Zhu Xi "sharpened" Confucianism and deepened "grassroots governance". ]

[This great Confucian discovered in his experience from the grassroots to the central government that if Confucianism is to be deeply rooted in people's hearts, it is not enough to prove that "reason" governs everything, but also to provide a practical methodology to make it work on people. ]

[So, what is Zhu Xi's methodology? ]

[As a senior Confucian master, he must of course find the answer from the well-deserved classic, "The Book of Rites and the University". ]

[In this article, the Confucian sages gave the earliest and longest-standing right way of life: to investigate things, to acquire knowledge, to be sincere, to rectify the heart, and then to cultivate oneself, to regulate the family, to govern the country and to bring peace to the world. 】

【The Great Learning was therefore singled out by Zhu Xi and compiled into the Annotated Four Books along with the Doctrine of the Mean, earning it the same status as the Five Classics. 】

【Therefore, behavior that conforms to the "principle" must first begin with the study of things. 】

【Zhu Xi advocated "the study of things to acquire knowledge", which means that through strict self-discipline, one should strive to practice morality and understand the principles of the saints. 】

Bullet screen:

"In fact, Zhu Xi's "investigation of things to gain knowledge" is mainly about exploring the principles of the natural things that exist, which is the same as the direction of modern science's exploration of the principles of things."

"Zhu Xi did practice the investigation of things to gain knowledge. He conducted in-depth research in astronomy, geology, and even agriculture. He was not only a thinker, but also an ancient natural scientist."

"I think the most valuable thing in Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism is the investigation of things to gain knowledge advocated by Zhu Xi. If it is further quantified and formalized, it will become scientific research. However, the investigation of things to gain knowledge in the sense of Lu and Wang's Neo-Confucianism has deviated from scientific research."

"Wang Yangming: I investigated, but I investigated in vain."

"Yangming investigated bamboo for seven days and seven nights and got nothing, haha."

"Reply - This is actually quite strange. Bamboo is a perennial herb with elasticity, color, and shape.The object is 990 hard in the hand and recognizable in the eyes. How could he get nothing after such a long time? "

"Reply-Maybe he didn't do it this way. His bamboo slicing may be to deduce the principles of the universe and everything in it."

"Reply-Uh, this is a bit outrageous."

"..."

Southern Song plane.

Young Zhu Xi stared at the huge screen in the sky, his eyes full of thought.

"Investigation of things and scientific research..."

"Scientific research!"

When young Zhu Xi thought of all the wonders of later generations, a very bold idea gradually emerged in his mind:

"Confucianism can't save the Song Dynasty!"

"Only the science of later generations can make the Song Dynasty strong and deal with the foreign races in the north! ”

It must be said that the various videos previously played on the giant screen in the sky had a great impact on the young Zhu Xi’s thinking.

Not unique.

The Ming plane.

In the heart of the young Wang Yangming, his interest in "science" grew.

……

[But what are reasonable requests?]

[Zhu Xi said, "Food is the law of nature. Delicacies from mountains and seas are human desires. Husband and wife are the law of nature, and having three wives and four concubines is human desire."]

[For example, someone asked, "Parents have infinite love for their children." Is it reasonable to want their children to be smart and successful?]

[Zhu Xi replied: "Parents love their children, which is right. If they love their children infinitely and want them to do something, then it is evil. ”】

【It can be seen that Zhu Xi was not against all human desires. He was not against normal eating, drinking, defecating, urinating, and family affection.】

【But once appetite becomes greed and gluttony, marriage becomes hyperactivity, and family affection becomes doting or demanding, it is excessive.】

【The so-called "eliminating human desires" is, of course, to give up excessive desires, so that it can be regarded as "self-discipline and restoration of propriety."】

【In fact, in modern times, we also criticize wasting food, indulging in lust, and forcing children to grow up】

【In the Song Dynasty, when productivity was relatively low, it is no wonder that Zhu Xi wanted to limit the expansion of desires and encourage diligence and restraint.】

【Everyone in front of the screen, do you think this idea is acceptable?】

The barrage flew out:

"In my personal opinion, there is actually nothing wrong with saying this. It advocates restraint and not excessiveness."

"I think it makes sense just like this."

"The question is who will grasp this degree? Who will judge what is excessive and what is not? If this question is not clear, it can easily become a tool to suppress others. "

"However, restraining desires and encouraging thriftiness is not necessarily a good thing. How can there be circulation without consumption? How can the economy be revitalized? From a broad perspective, desire is the driving force of human development. "

"Reply—(cdbd)—Yes, all human activities in the world, whether political, economic, war, business, culture, religion, art, education, etc., are driven by human desires.Result. ”

“Reply - it is driven by reasonable desire, not unreasonable desire.”

“Reply - Isn't that similar to what Zhu Xi said? Haha.”

“…”

See here.

Many ancient people, including many emperors of all dynasties, were shocked.

“Desire is the driving force of human development? ? ?”

Such a statement has a great impact on the thoughts and ideas of many ancient people.

After all, ancient China was a society with insufficient productivity, and the general concept of society was to believe in frugality.

After being shocked.

The ancients began to think about it and had their own opinions.

Some people agreed and thought it made sense.

And some people opposed it and thought it was not the case at all.

…

[In fact, if Cheng and Zhu's views were limited to this, the successors of later generations would not have built on it layer by layer. Adding more, it may be normal. 】

【But unfortunately, there is no if in history. 】

【In Roland Barthes's words, once the text is completed, the author begins to hide, and the readers gradually gain a free and multi-dimensional interpretation space, which is the so-called "author is dead". 】

【Therefore, no matter what the original thoughts of Cheng Er and Zhu Xi were, once their writings began to spread and were even used by the ruling class, it would be difficult to avoid distortion, coercion, and exaggeration. 】

Barrage flew out:

"Being misunderstood is the fate of the expresser. Once a sentence is spoken, it will be twisted into thousands of versions."

"That's right, Confucius is just an old man who opened a private school, he knows nothing about Confucianism; Zhu Xi is just an official, he knows nothing about Neo-Confucianism. (dog head)"

"Is this life similar to the second creation and the same people? ”

“Let’s put it this way. Once a certain theory becomes a tool of the ruling class, distortion is inevitable. This is true in ancient and modern times, both in China and abroad.”

“…”

Spring and Autumn and Warring States plane.

Confucius looked at the huge screen in the sky, thinking of the various so-called Confucianism in the future under his name, and couldn’t help but sigh.

The summary of people in later generations is indeed reasonable.

The Confucianism of later generations is very different from the ideological theories he advocated.

He really didn’t expect that Confucianism in later generations would become like that.

…

[First, in the Yuan Dynasty, the ruling class used the “Hua Yi Debate” as the core to avoid Confucianism. Orthodoxy brought trouble to itself, so it consciously supported Neo-Confucianism, which had a more grand narrative. 】

[For example, in 1313, Emperor Renzong of Yuan issued an edict to restore the imperial examination, stipulating that the first exam would be on classics, with questions selected from the "Four Books". 】

[The specific explanations were based on Zhu Xi's "Four Books Annotations", and then a question was asked from the "Five Classics". The specific explanations of the "Book of Songs" and "Book of Changes" also had to refer to Zhu Xi's writings. 】

[This trend became more serious when the monarchy reached its peak during the Ming and Qing dynasties. 】 (For a quick novel, go to Feilu XiaoSay the net! )

[For example, after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it was stipulated that the "Four Books and Five Classics" should be used as the main textbooks for the imperial examination, and it was also stipulated that the specific answers and explanations must be based on the annotations of Cheng Ercheng and Zhu Xi. ]

[Under this trend, the respect for "Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism" has become a fancy internal competition. ]

[If you perform "lying on ice to catch carp" in person, I will go to the White Horse Club to "sell myself to bury my father". ]

[If the Confucian scholars think the water is too cold and can't do it to themselves, it's okay, they can also turn around and point fingers at women. 】

Barrage flew out:

"Qian Qianyi: Are you polite?"

"Qian Qianyi: Just tell me your ID number! Hahaha."

"Qian Qianyi: Don't talk nonsense, it's not that the water is too cold, it's that my scalp is itchy, hahaha."

"Reply - If you don't understand, just ask, what's this joke?"

"Reply - The water is too cold: At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing army had surrounded Nanjing like an iron barrel. Qian Qianyi, who was ordered to guard Nanjing, didn't know what to do. His concubine Liu Rushi persuaded him to commit suicide for his country. He pretended to go down to the pool, waded for two times and came back, saying that the water was too cold. Later, he surrendered to the Qing Dynasty."

"Reply - Itchy scalp: The Qing army issued an order to shave the hair, which aroused the resistance of the people in Nanjing. Qian Qianyi said to his family when he got up in the morning: "My scalp is itchy! ", and then he went out alone. Not long after, Qian Qianyi came back, with his hair shaved and his braids combed."

"Reply--This is Qian Yiqian, the leader of the Donglin Party. People at that time wrote in poems: Qian Gong has a good mind, and his talent is known all over the world. The country was destroyed and he followed the new dynasty to the north. He still held a high position in the old Donglin..."

"Reply--These two jokes are actually not recorded in the official history, so they are not necessarily true."

"Reply--It doesn't matter whether it's true or not. The key is to judge a person by the joke. Qian Qianyi's actions are indeed that of a greedy and double-minded official who is both a whore and a saint."

"..."[]

Many ancient people in all dynasties saw this and their faces were full of contempt.

This Qian Qianyi is so shameless that it makes people feel sick.

"Shameless!"

"Shameless!"

Many ancient people immediately started to curse.

……

The plane of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

Qian Qianyi looked at the huge screen in the sky, his face turning pale.

Suddenly, he uttered a "wow" and spat out a mouthful of blood.

For a person like him who seeks fame and reputation and wants to build a memorial archway even if he is a whore, the most feared thing is to leave a bad name for eternity.

And it is obvious that he has done it.

So, he was furious.

……

[Originally, in "Cheng's Last Letter", Cheng Yi criticized the trend of men marrying widows for money at that time, saying "Starving to death is a small matter, losing one's chastity is a big matter". In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it became a "death warrant" for all women. ]

[Let go of "Biographies of Women in the History of Ming Dynasty", which highlights the "chastity" that are extremely cruel and treacherous in the eyes of modern people.]

[Let's talk about "virtuous women" first. In Fuzhou, Li and his wife Lu Jianiang died suddenly of illness 10 months after their marriage. Lu was extremely sad. When she saw her husband's "bad blood coming out of his mouth and nose", she licked it and swallowed it, and then hanged herself after the funeral.]

[Similar things also happened in Jiangyin.]

[There was a woman named Gong. After her husband died, her family was too poor to bury him. Someone in the village coveted her appearance and wanted to take her out. Qian helped her bury her, but Gong didn't want to "lose her chastity", so she simply burned herself to death in the house at night while holding her husband's body. 】

[Let's talk about the unmarried "heroic woman". 】

[In Cixi, a girl named Wang had just been engaged and had not yet married, but the man died. Wang refused to remarry and even "cut her hair and disfigured her face" to show her determination. 】

[The man's family was very mean to her and treated her like a maid. She said, "If you don't force me to marry, I am willing to be a maid." 】

The barrage flew out:

"Fuck, it's outrageous, just like the witch hunt abroad, so shameless!"

"What the hell is this, it's so disgusting."

"The Neo-Confucianism of the Ming and Qing Dynasties really took away the essence and took the dregs!"

"The value system is completely distorted. As expected, the Chinese feudal ethics is a cannibalistic culture! Too dirty! ”

“Reply - Mr. Lu is right, the whole article is full of benevolence, righteousness and morality, but in fact it is just two words: cannibalism!”

“Reply - Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism kills people with reason and advocates cannibalistic ethics, which is really not a good thing!”

“Reply - This, Neo-Confucianism became cannibalistic ethics, in fact, the rulers of Ming and Qing deliberately alienated Neo-Confucianism for their own autocratic rule, and Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism was just a scapegoat.”

“Reply - The theories of the two Chengs and Zhu Xi himself may not have this meaning, but the later Neo-Confucianism was an accomplice of cannibalistic ethics. ”

“…”

Northern Song plane.

Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhu Di and other Neo-Confucianists were all stunned when they looked at the giant screen in the sky.

They never expected that their theories would be misinterpreted like this in later generations.

Moreover, because of these misinterpretations, their theories were spurned by the people of the Dragon Kingdom in later generations.

They felt that it was too unfair.

…

[There are three volumes of such tragedies in the History of Ming Dynasty.]

[And the history books also said in a tone of divine inspiration that after the death of these women, "white mist" and "mountains roared for three days and nights", as if the heaven and earth were also moved by it.]

[Mr. Lu made a very insightful summary of this in his article "My View of Chastity".]

["In short, when a woman dies, she will either stay with her husband or die. If they are raped, they will die. It seems that if such people are praised, the world and people's hearts will be better, and China will be saved. 】

【It is under this ideology that the "Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism", which was originally a magical transformation of Confucianism, was further magically transformed into a more stringent doctrine. 】

【Women are encouraged to remain widows, commit suicide, or even be buried alive, and the so-called "Neo-Confucianism"

"The scholars" are nothing more than twirling their beards and smiling, and "giving them a commendation after death and writing them in the annals."]

Barrage flew out:

"Who cares about being in the book? Isn't it good to be alive?"

"They talk about benevolence, righteousness, and morality, but in the final analysis, it's just the naked word cannibalism! ”

“…”

The many dynasties before the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Many ancient people looked at the huge screen in the sky and were horrified.

Especially many ancient women in these planes, they just felt that living in such a dynasty was too terrible.

…

[Perhaps, Shao Yong, Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, the two Chengs, Zhu Xi and others would not have thought that the Confucian world they originally intended to create, which inherited the principles of heaven and calmed people’s hearts, would be interpreted like this in the hundreds of years of Ming and Qing dynasties.]

[In the county, in the towns, and on the village roads, a piece of chastity tombstones quietly grew, and a piece of chastity archway stood solemnly. How many tragedies were engraved in them, and how many wronged souls were buried.]

[103 years ago, Mr. Lu vowed at the end of the article, "To eliminate the coma and violence that create and enjoy the pain of others, and to let all human beings enjoy proper happiness. ”】

【Fortunately, with the changing of the sky in history, several generations of Chinese people have forged ahead.】

【Finally, today you and I can live up to Mr.’s wishes, bid farewell to the iron chains of “rationalists”, and have the laws and dignity of the new era.】

……

After a conclusion.

The video ends.

After watching the whole video, the ancient people of all dynasties have different thoughts.

For this magic reform of Confucianism, and then the magic reform of the ruling class, everyone has their own views..