I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

[In fact, Confucianism has been changing since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ruled over all schools of thought. ]

[Especially after Buddhism was introduced into China, the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism were discussed and it was difficult for any one of them to control the court and the grassroots alone. ]

[Even in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the worship of Buddhism became popular among the people, and the royal family also built Buddhist temples and welcomed Buddha's bones. No matter how much Confucian elites such as Han Yu tried to dissuade them, and no matter how much Du Mu lamented, it was of no avail. 】

The barrage flew out:

"Buddhism has a great impact on Confucianism."

"Reply--That's true. It almost brought down Confucianism. Han Yu and others launched the ancient prose movement to save the declining Confucianism."

"Reply--Not really. There was an impact, but it was not that serious. The decline of Confucianism was mainly due to its own problems. It was not adapted to the needs of social development and could not play a social and political role."

"Reply--Yes, and the problem was still big. It declined badly."

"Reply--So, in a sense, it can be said that Neo-Confucianism saved the crisis of Confucianism."

"..."

The plane of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Dong Zhongshu looked at the huge screen in the sky and was slightly surprised.

I didn't expect that after "abolishing all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", Confucianism would still encounter such a big crisis in later generations.

"So, what changes has this Neo-Confucianism brought to Confucianism?"

Dong Zhongshu looked at the huge screen in the sky with great curiosity.

As a person who has reformed the Confucianism of the pre-Qin period by absorbing the thoughts of various schools of thought, he is naturally not a worshipper of the ancients and would not think that Confucianism cannot be changed.

……

[Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, the literati finally managed to rule the world with the emperor, and of course they had to find ways to strengthen themselves. ]

[Especially by "borrowing" and "paying tribute" to the other two schools, using magic to defeat magic, Neo-Confucianism came into being. ]

……

Hearing this.

Many dynasties before the Northern Song Dynasty.

Many ancient people became more and more interested in Neo-Confucianism.

……

[When it comes to Neo-Confucianism, many people's first reaction is probably the two Cheng brothers from Luoyang, Zhu Xi who was born in Nanjianzhou, and the phrase: preserve the principles of heaven and eliminate human desires. 】

【But Neo-Confucianism was far from being founded by the saints. It had many founders in the Northern Song Dynasty. 】

【For example, Shao Yong, the "Eight Trigrams Master", Zhou Dunyi, the "Lotus Messenger", Zhang Zai, the "Hengqu Master", etc., were listed as the "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty" together with the two Cheng brothers in the "History of Song Dynasty". 】

【Therefore, to understand where Neo-Confucianism came from, we must first look at these old masters. 】

【Among them, Shao Yong was the first to debut. When he was young, he specialized in studying "Yi Zhuan", "Hetu", and "Luoshu", and was well versed in the images of the Eight Trigrams. 】

【In his opinion, according to the eleventh chapter of "Yi Zhuan Xici Shangbu", "Two yin and yang give birth to four images, four images give birth to eight trigrams, and eight trigrams determine good and bad luck", then all things in the world are not produced by continuous multiplication by two. 】

【According to Zhu Xi's "The Original Meaning of Zhouyi", Shao YongHe drew the "Fuxi Sixty-four Hexagram Orientation Map", which vaguely reveals a hint of "binary". 】

[Interestingly, this map was later read by Leibniz, the founder of modern binary and Newton's good friend. It was sent to Leibniz by a Gallic missionary friend from the Chinese capital in late autumn of 1701. 】

The barrage flew out:

"Is your good friend a good friend?"

"Hahaha, a damn good friend."

"Reply-If you don't understand, just ask, are Newton and Leibniz good friends?"

"Reply-Definitely not, the two are rivals, and the dispute between the two over the invention of calculus is a famous case in the history of science."

"Reply-So, is the calculus that Leibniz is accused of plagiarizing Newton's fluxion?"

"Reply-According to the investigation report of the Royal Society of the British Empire at that time, it was indeed Newton who first discovered calculus, and said that Leibniz deliberately concealed his knowledge of Newton's research work."

"Reply-This report is not credible at all. Newton was the president of the Royal Society at that time. Although he pretended to have nothing to do with this incident in public, the investigation report was actually drafted by Newton himself. In addition , he also wrote an anonymous long article attacking Leibniz. ”

“Reply-Good fellow, is Newton so good at playing tricks in private?”

“Reply-In fact, the two have completely different approaches. Newton first had the concept of derivative and then the concept of integral in order to solve the problem of motion; Leibniz, on the contrary, was influenced by his philosophical thoughts and first had the concept of integral and then the concept of derivative.”

“Reply-Newton did discover it earlier, but Leibniz expressed calculus more clearly, and the symbol system he used was more intuitive and reasonable than Newton's, and was widely adopted until”

“Reply-Indeed, for example, because of this dispute, the British Empire insisted on teaching and using Newton's backward calculus symbols and outdated mathematical concepts, which caused the mathematical research of the British Empire to stagnate for more than a century.”

“…”

Many ancient mathematicians in all dynasties saw this and thought about it.

They didn't have much interest in the Western academic case between Newton and Leibniz.

What they saw more at this time was the importance of calculus.

In fact, they already knew this in a previous video.

And at this moment, they further knew that the importance of calculus to the development of mathematics was more important than they thought.

So.

Many of these ancient mathematicians decided in their hearts that they must invent calculus.

Of course, they also knew that it was difficult, but they were willing to spend time and energy to try.

……

[If Shao Yong's creation is related to mathematics, then another founder of Neo-Confucianism who is 6 years younger than him is Zhou Dun, a resident guest of Chinese textbooks. ]

[In addition to writing the "Love of Lotus" that has been passed down through the ages, he also likes Taoist thought. 】

……

Northern Song Dynasty plane.

Zhou Dunyi looked at the four words "passed down through the ages" on the giant screen in the sky, and was very happy.

As an ancient man, it is naturally a great joy for his articles to be passed down through the ages.

……

[He even wrote a book called "Tai Chi Book" to explain the principle that "movement produces yang, movement becomes stillness, stillness produces yin, yin moves again at its extreme, one movement and one stillness are the roots of each other." 】

[The essence of this theory is to use the "Wuji" of "Laozi" and the "Tai Chi" of "Yi Zhuan" to explain the origin of the universe, filling the gap in the origin theory caused by "Zi does not talk about strange powers and chaos", making the "Confucian Universe" more complete. 】

[Since the "interaction of yin and yang" produces all things, human society must also be a "wonderful combination and cohesion" of yin and yang. 】

[Then, doesn’t the order of the world require “rulers, ministers, fathers, sons, brothers, husbands, wives”, so that “yin and yang can be combined”? 】

[Isn’t this connected to the field that Confucianism excels in? 】

[This is to use the other party’s definition to prove our position. 】

The barrage flew out:

“Wow, it’s so stitched together.”

“It’s amazing to find such a stitching angle.”

“If Confucius is not enough, Laozi will make up for it. If Laozi is not enough, Buddha will make up for it.”

“This is also unavoidable. Confucian classics have already declined. Confucianism, which lacks philosophical theories and cosmology, can’t support such a big country. It must be supported by metaphysical theories.”

“…”

Spring and Autumn and Warring States plane.

Confucius frowned slightly.

Although he once asked Laozi for advice.

But he was not happy with the idea of ​​forcing his "king, minister, father and son" thought together with the Taoist thought.

However, he did not dwell on it too much.

Soon.

Confucius began to think about another question.

That is, people in later generations said that Confucian theory lacked the theory of origin.

He felt that this question was more worth thinking about.

Originally, Confucianism was about human affairs. "Not talking about strange things" was equivalent to abandoning the thinking about the origin of the world, and only focusing on the "virtue" level, how to achieve achievements through human rule.

But from the perspective of later generations, not talking about the origin has become a loophole in Confucianism.

This attracted Confucius' attention.

……

[Coincidentally. ]

[Zhang Zai, a master of Hengqu who was three years younger than Zhou Dunyi, also had similar ideas. 】

【Today, our impression of him is probably mainly those four sentences: establish a mind for heaven and earth, establish a destiny for the people, inherit the lost knowledge of the past sages, and create peace for all generations. 】

Barrage flew out:

"Hengqu's four sentences! Shocking the world, and passed down forever!"

"These four sentences are really well said, and they are definitely the highest spiritual pursuit of Chinese intellectuals throughout the agesRequest."

"..."

Many dynasties before Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Countless princes, generals, and scholars were stunned when they saw these four sentences.

These four sentences gave them a huge impact.

It was like a flash of lightning that struck their hearts.

Then.

In these dynasties.

These princes, generals, and scholars were suddenly excited.

"Good! The pattern is grand and the artistic conception is profound. It's so well said!"

"As scholars, this is what we should do! ”

“…”

Countless ancient people were very excited.

These four sentences really touched their hearts and completely conquered them.

… (To read the exciting novel, go to Faloo Novel Network!)

The plane of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Dong Zhongshu praised loudly:

“Good!”

“These four sentences are very good! ”

He felt that these four sentences were enough to become the ultimate goal of scholars.

……

[Little did he know that Mr. Zhang Zai also "borrowed" a wave of Taoist academic thought.]

[He believed that since the two energies of yin and yang are "qi", the origin of the universe should also be a "qi", or primordial qi.]

[The so-called "Taixu is qi", "qi is the essence", "qi transforms all things", everything in the world is inseparable from "qi".]

[As a gentleman, as a model, shouldn't he be like Mencius said: "I am good at nurturing the great qi".]

[Qi, all things, and gentlemen, Zhang Zai connected these three keys into one, and because Zhang Zai was in Guanzhong, his school was also called "Guanxue".]

The barrage flew out:

"Isn't this the theory of qi as the basis?"

"The theory of qi as the basis believes that the world is material, which can be regarded as the naive materialism of ancient times. ”

“…”[]

Northern Song plane.

Zhang Zai sighed in his heart.

After watching many videos before, he knew about the Big Bang, the origin of the sun, the earth, the moon, and human beings.

Now he naturally knew that his theory was wrong.

…

[1057 was the year of the Confucian "world line convergence".]

[38-year-old Zhang Zai went to Bian Jing to take the exam. The chief examiner at that time was the famous Hanlin scholar Ouyang Xiu. The brothers Su Shi and Su Zhe also took the exam at the same time. 】

【Zhang Zai was a scholar of heaven and earth. He passed the imperial examination even though he was surrounded by many stars. 】

【In his prime, he explained the Book of Changes at Xiangguo Temple in Bianjing. 】

【It was there that he met Zhou Dunyi's student, Shao Yong's friend, and his two cousins: Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. 】

【The two young men in their twenties took the stage to discuss the Dao and talked freely. 】

【Zhang Zai listened and praised: "I am not as good as the two Cheng brothers in the Dao of Yixue", and the latter became famous. 】

【Compared with their predecessors, the two Cheng brothers were the greatestThe creation of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism is to thoroughly absorb its essence. "Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism" has also become one of the schools of Neo-Confucianism that has the greatest influence on later generations. 】

……

See here.

Many ancient people in all dynasties were inspired.

From the perspective of Neo-Confucianism, the previous few great scholars should be regarded as the prelude to Neo-Confucianism.

And when it comes to the two Chengs, it is considered to be entering the main topic, and the core content of Neo-Confucianism should be truly explained.

Thinking of this.

Many ancient people in all dynasties looked at the giant screen in the sky more and more attentively.

Even after the Northern Song Dynasty, many people who knew Neo-Confucianism were also watching it seriously.

They were very curious about the evaluation of Neo-Confucianism by later generations.

……

[They advocate that the origin of the world is neither the "eight trigrams" with mathematical meaning, nor the mysterious Tai Chi, nor the indescribable "vital energy", but an ultimate rule that guides everything: "reason". ]

[In their view, "there is only one heavenly principle for all things". ]

[Therefore, "eight trigrams", "yin and yang", "qi", etc. are just the way for heavenly principle to create all things, and they are just tools. ]

[This supreme heavenly principle does not contain any selfish desires and is pure and kind. "Heaven has its own principles, and saints seek and practice them, which is called Tao." ]

[It can be seen that the projection of "reason" in the human world is the "Tao" followed by saints. ]

[Reason and reason are connected, and Taoist doctrines should also be included in the source of Confucianism. ]

……

Northern Song plane.

The two brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi looked at each other and saw the complex colors in each other's eyes.

They already knew that the foundation of this theory had been overturned by the scientific knowledge of later generations.

Moreover, the huge screen was hanging high in the sky, and everyone in the world could see it, which meant that it was no longer feasible for them to spread this set of ideas in the future.

Therefore, their current mood was very similar to Zhang Zai's.

On the one hand, they felt bitter because their carefully conceived theory was proven to be wrong.

On the other hand, they were happy to learn the correct knowledge from later generations.

……

[So, what principles did the saints talk about? What rules did the saints advocate? ]

[Naturally, it is "the distinction between upper and lower, the meaning of respect and inferiority", which is "the proper principle and the root of principle", and thus it is proved that "the monarch, minister, father and son are the fixed principles of the world". ]

[In short, the two Chengs believed that the world was created by the supreme and pure "heavenly principle", and projected into the world, it is the ethics of respect and inferiority. 】

【Human beings follow this order, which is to follow the "Heavenly Principle". On the contrary, it is to carry "human desire". 】

【When the Heavenly Principle prevails, human desire will be eliminated, and when human desire prevails, the Heavenly Principle will decline. 】

【Therefore, "Preserve the Heavenly Principle and Eliminate Human Desire" means to cut off unrestrained desires and understand and respect the social order of Confucianism. 】

The barrage flew out:

"Good guy, no wonder the later ruling class liked Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, this isThe class has been determined since the Big Bang."

"666, turn physics into politics and etiquette."

"To put it bluntly, it is to use the theory of heaven to support the monarchy and serve the ruling class."

"In short, listen to me, Confucianism, and the right to interpret heaven's principles lies with Confucianism. ”

“…”

Many ancient people in all dynasties looked at the comments on the sky screen and nodded slightly.

After being enlightened by many videos on the sky screen, they can understand the meaning of the comments.

This so-called "heavenly principle" is no longer so useful for them.

…

[Now, do you understand?]

[Shao Yong, Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai and the two Cheng brothers are all looking for a powerful "sacred value" for the social order advocated by Confucianism, and connecting it into a system that can be used from top to bottom.]

[Therefore, although their theoretical origins are different, their terminals are very close, which is why "History of Song" puts them side by side.]

[ After Shao, Zhou and Zhang died, the "Luo School" of the two Chengs seemed to have absorbed the first three schools. 】

[For example, Zhang Zai's proud disciples, the three Lüs of Lantian (Lü Dazhong, Lü Dajun, and Lü Dalin), became disciples of the two Chengs after Zhang Zai's death. Although they still "adhered to the Hengqu School very firmly", the "Guan School" gradually declined overall, while the "Luo School" gradually flourished. 】

……

Northern Song plane.

Zhang Zai frowned slightly.

He was quite unhappy about the behavior of Lü Dazhong, Lü Dajun, and Lü Dalin who turned to other people as their teachers after his death.

But, in fact, what he regretted more was to see the decline of the school he founded.

However, he soon stopped caring about Han.

Because in this life, everything has changed. .