[Now, our evaluation of the Song Dynasty is still divided into two levels. ]
[Some people see its humiliation, and some people see its prosperity. ]
[Whether the Song Dynasty is good or bad, in the eyes of the UP, there is no right or wrong. ]
[Why did some people start to praise the Song Dynasty a few decades ago? ]
[Because at that time we ourselves were far from the standard of prosperity and wealth, and we might not even have the qualifications to despise the Song Dynasty. ]
[Then why today, we-begin to spit on it? ]
[Because more and more people understand that our prosperity must not become the fat meat of others. ]
…
Many ancients from all dynasties nodded in agreement.
The example of the Northern Song Dynasty is obvious enough.
Without sufficient military force as protection, pure prosperity and wealth will only attract the covetousness of other countries.
A strong country cannot just be rich, it must also have strong military force.
It is completely wrong to respect culture and suppress military power like the Song Dynasty did.
……
[Of course, many people will have doubts. ]
[Today, it seems that developing commerce and encouraging the development of handicrafts and shipping is obviously a more correct choice. ]
[Western European commercial civilization opened the Age of Exploration, established a new industrial and commercial system according to needs, and obtained stronger productivity. ]
……
Many ancient people in all dynasties nodded slightly.
This is something that has been confirmed by the actual historical development of later generations.
……
[The Song Dynasty seems to have the sprouts of capitalism, but where did it go? ]
[Why did the Northern Song Dynasty, which has been encouraging industry and commerce for nearly a hundred years since its establishment, never embark on the road of changing the world, but instead let the ruling class be obsessed with interests and ignore the foundation of the country? 】
【This seems to tell us that emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce can make the country stable at that time. 】
……
The plane of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Di saw this and shook his head slightly.
Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce can make a country stable, but it cannot make a country undergo a complete transformation, and it cannot make a country become a superpower that dominates the world.
Only the industrialized powers brought about by the Industrial Revolution can do this.
It's just that the Song Dynasty...
Zhu Di remembered a previous video.
In that video, some people in later generations said that the Song Dynasty actually had the relevant conditions for the Industrial Revolution, but it was interrupted by foreign invasions.
But Zhu Di felt that this matter might not be so simple.
……
【Today, a country based on industry and commerce, with its scientific and technological strength and the accompanying production mobilization capabilities, can completely suppress barbarism. 】
[Look at the Menggu people who still live on the grasslands now. Do they still have the fighting power? 】
[So, what force blocked us from the door of industrialization thousands of years ago? 】
[This question is more difficult.It's complicated. 】
[In the next issue, the UP host will combine the history of the Southern Song Dynasty and the peasant uprisings in the Song Dynasty to talk about the reasons and show how valuable the power of breaking the cycle is. 】
……
After watching the conclusion of the video.
Many ancient people in the past dynasties were very regretful.
Because they want to know now, what exactly caused the Song Dynasty to fail to start the industrial revolution?
What's more, the videos played on the high-altitude giant screen are random, and it is not certain whether they can see the next issue of this video.
It is in the regrets of these ancient people.
On the high-altitude giant screen.
The video is refreshed.
A new video appears.
[Cracking the toxic logical fallacy! How to kill the nitpicker in one sentence? 】
……
After this line, the new video title appears.
Immediately followed by a short preface.
……
[Why do you always get the upper hand even though the nitpickers are not right? Why are you always being led by others inadvertently? ]
[Because you care about the rigor of logic, and those people are playing tricks on you. ]
[Their logic sounds fine at first glance, but it is actually a trap. ]
[Today, let's talk about the anger, losses, and PUAs you have suffered in interpersonal communication.]
……
After reading this preface.
Many ancient people in all dynasties have shown great interest in the content of the following video.
On the one hand, they think such content is very novel, so they want to learn about it out of curiosity.
But on the other hand, they also think the content of this video is very practical.
For example, some of the common people think that learning the content of this video can help them quarrel with others better.
Some other ancient political elites believed that learning more about this aspect would help them compete with others in the court.
After all, verbal disputes are common in the court.
For example, to prove the correctness of one's own political views and to refute the opinions of political opponents, one needs to master superb debate skills.
Through the preface of this video, these ancient political elites believed that the content of this new video would help them improve their abilities in this area.
Among them.
In the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period.
People from the school of diplomacy such as Su Qin and Zhang Yi were particularly interested in this new video.
Because verbal skills are their must-learn means.
……
[1. Presupposition fallacy. ]
[This is the most difficult logical fallacy to be discovered. ]
[For example, a colleague said to you, I found that the leader always targeted you. Does he have any opinion about you? 】
【At this time, you will focus on your colleague's problem: Why does the leader have a problem with me? 】
【In fact, his words have already set a premise: the leader is targeting you. 】
【This argument, if you don't pay attentionYou will assume it is true and believe the view implanted by your colleagues: the leader has something against me. 】
……
"Interesting."
In the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, Su Qin's eyes lit up.
He thought this was a very practical trick that could be used to mislead others with words.
So.
Su Qin looked at the giant screen in the sky more seriously.
He had a greater expectation for more video content.
……
[In this case, you have to avoid the traps set by the other party. Don't worry about their questions. Just question their arguments directly. 】
[You can say to your colleagues, how do you know that the leader is targeting me? I think he takes good care of me. 】
[There is also a more hidden fallacy of presupposition, which is to hide the premise directly in the question. 】
[Why are fat people lazy? Why do rich people immigrate abroad? 】
[These questions are problems in themselves, because their arguments cannot stand up to scrutiny. 】
……
"Not bad! Not bad!"
In the Warring States period, Gongsun Long, the master of the School of Famous Scholars, the proponent of the "White Horse is Not a Horse Theory", and a famous lover of sophistry, had his eyes shining.
He found the "presuppositional fallacy" of later generations very interesting.
And.
He was greatly inspired by it.
Following this line of thought, Gongsun Long had more expansion ideas in his mind.
……
[Second, the straw man fallacy. 】
[There was an internet celebrity who wanted to take advantage of the traffic of Wang Po in Kaifeng, but was driven off the stage. 】
[In response to the criticism of netizens, the internet celebrity shamelessly turned the tables and claimed that the world was too malicious towards women. 】
[This is a typical "straw man fallacy". 】
【What the netizens are targeting is just the fact that the internet celebrities are gaining traffic. 】
【This is a fact, and she can't find a reason to refute it. 】
【So, she used her kindergarten-level reading comprehension ability to misinterpret the argument as sexism, and then tried to overturn the new argument after the misinterpretation. 】
【You see, no matter how reasonable you are, the sophists will package your argument into a straw man that is untenable and easy to knock down through distortion, simplification, and misquotation. 】
【This kind of logical fallacy is simple to operate and has obvious effects. It is simply the favorite of sophists. 】
【To crack the straw man fallacy, you can follow the logic and defeat them in their own way. 】
……
The plane of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Zhanji frowned and said with contempt:
"Isn't this nonsense?"
Hearing this, Zhu Di and Zhu Gaochi on the side agreed in their hearts.
In their opinion, this approach is indeed unreasonable and nonsense, the style of a villain.
At the same time.
Some literati in the past dynasties who like to debate and argue with others are very interested in it.
Such sophistryskills, making them feel fresh.
……
[Third, hasty generalization. ]
[Selective generalization is to use a small group to generalize without sufficient evidence and make general and general conclusions. ]
[To overturn the logical fallacy of hasty generalization, you have to be more hasty than the other party, use a smaller group, or even an extreme case to kill them. ]
……
Accompanied by narration subtitles.
An interview video was inserted into the sky giant screen.
[Reporter: How old are you? ]
[A man riding a shared bicycle: In his 40s. ]
[Reporter: In Guangdong, people in their 40s generally drive Mercedes-Benz and BMW. Why are you still riding a shared bicycle? ]
……
Seeing this.
Many ancient people in all dynasties suddenly felt that the person who asked the question had impure thoughts.
Isn't this a deliberate mockery?
It's so rude.
Many ancient people shook their heads.
Then.
They saw that the content of the video suddenly took a turn. (To read the violent novels, go to Feilu Novel Network!)
……
[Man: How old are you? ]
[Reporter: Also in his 40s. ]
[Man: People in their 40s still die, why don't you die? ]
……
"Haha, this person is really interesting, just right."
Many ancient people from all dynasties smiled.
This man's counterattack made them feel relieved.
……
[Those sophists who like to use "hasty induction" in life often look like they know everything and are full of daddy flavor. ]
[For example, this statement: What is the use of reading? Many bosses have not graduated from primary school, but they are still bosses. 】
[You can directly fight back against these people: There are still beggars who have not graduated from primary school, why don’t you say anything? 】
……
Many ancient people in all dynasties nodded in agreement.
They think this is a "rash induction" and it is clearly a deliberate fault finding. []
And for those who deliberately find fault, there is no need to be polite.
……
[Fourth, appeal to ignorance. 】
[There is a story in "Zhuangzi". 】
[Zhuangzi looked at the fish in the water and said: The fish swims so happily. 】
[Friend Hui Shi started to argue: You are not a fish, how do you know it is happy? 】
[This is the appeal to ignorance fallacy. 】
The barrage flew out:
"Haha, Hui Shi and Gongsun Long, the two most nitpicking masters of the Hundred Schools of Thought."
"Reply - it's a pity that these two didn't have a peak showdown."
"Reply - um, there's no way to fight. When Hui Shi died, Gongsun Long was only 10 years old."
"..."
Spring and Autumn and Warring States plane.
Hui Shi's face darkened, and a look of displeasure flashed in his eyes.
Although I don't know what this "nitpicking master" in the mouths of later generations is specificallyWhat does it mean.
But it is obviously not a good name.
……
[If you can't prove a point, I think he is wrong. ]
[Generally, when we encounter this situation, it is easy to fall into the trap of self-proof. ]
[But in fact, you just need to turn it around and let the other party produce evidence that can overturn themselves. ]
[Just like what Zhuangzi did next: You are not me, how do you know that I don't know that fish are happy? ]
[In one sentence, the problem was pushed back. ]
[Hui Zi said again, just because I am not you, I don't know what you think, so you are not a fish, and you don't know whether the fish is happy or not. ]
[Zhuangzi continued to fight back, you said I don't know whether the fish is happy or not, which means you already know what I know. ]
[Isn't it a bit confusing? 】
The barrage flew out:
"It's not a little confusing, it's very confusing."
"So, who won the argument between Hui Shi and Zhuangzi?"
"Reply - Hui Shi definitely won. Zhuangzi was a standard debater, but he turned around and deliberately misinterpreted the word usage. Hui Shi was questioning normally, while Zhuangzi was just arguing."
"Reply - I think Zhuangzi won. Zhuangzi has made it clear that Hui Shi has already presupposed the premise of "you can understand me". Using this to deny "I can understand fish" is logically contradictory."
"Reply - From the perspective of Zhuangzi's Taoist philosophy, Zhuangzi won. From the perspective of Hui Shi's logical debate principles, Hui Shi won."
....0 .......
"..."
Spring and Autumn and Warring States plane.
Zhuangzi looked at the giant screen in the sky and smiled calmly.
He didn’t care about the arguments of later generations about the victory or defeat of the debate between him and Hui Shi.
He and Hui Shi had different views on real politics and academic concepts.
However, Hui Shi was his only close friend in his life.
This kind of argument was very normal between the two.
……
[There is a proverb in logical reasoning: lack of evidence cannot be evidence of falsification. ]
[In the case of insufficient evidence, whoever proves it will fall into the trap of self-proof. ]
[So the safest way is to pass the buck like Zhuangzi and end up pulling. ]
……
Spring and Autumn and Warring States plane.
Zhuangzi laughed dumbly.
He didn’t expect that people in later generations would analyze his argument with Hui Shi in this way.
It’s quite interesting.
……
[V. False Dilemma. ]
[Sherlock Holmes said: "When all possibilities are eliminated and only one remains, it is the truth, no matter how impossible it seems."]
[The sophists of false dilemmas use this logic. ]
[Deliberately exclude all other options and keep only two situations. No matter which one you choose, it's a trap. ]
[For example, your girlfriend tells you that evenYou are reluctant to buy me a bag, don't you love me? 】
[At this time, you must not follow their thinking to make a choice. 】
[Instead, you should jump out and put forward new ideas, or set up false dilemmas according to their logic. 】
[If you can get love by buying a bag, would it be too hasty? Shouldn't love also include companionship, care and understanding? 】
……
Many simple ancient people in the past dynasties were confused.
They felt that people in later generations were too cunning.
Behind a simple sentence, there are so many plots.
It's really too complicated.
……
[Sixth, appeal to subjective emotions. 】
[This is the most common logical fallacy, no one else. 】
[Also: He is still a child, can't you let him go? 】
[In the fallacy of appealing to subjective emotions, sophists often presuppose the wrong premise that "behavior with reasonable motives is reasonable." 】
[They may not be right, but they will use and incite people's emotions, such as pity and hatred. 】
[Make you feel that although you are right, it seems a bit immoral. 】
[So, you can call this kind of sophist: a saintly bitch who is morally kidnapped. 】
The barrage flew out:
"To be honest, this kind of person is really annoying, but sometimes it is really difficult to deal with."
"Reply-what's so difficult, as long as I have no morals, no one can morally kidnap me."
"Reply-that's what you said, but humans are social animals after all."
"..."
See here.
Many ancient political elites in all dynasties were enlightened.
They thought this trick of "appealing to subjective emotions fallacy" was very good.
After all, ancient China was very particular about moral standards.
So, "moral kidnapping" will be very useful.
……
[To overturn the logical fallacy of appealing to emotions, you can follow their logic. ]
[They morally kidnap you, you can also morally kidnap them. ]
The barrage flew out:
"Good guy, magic bombardment, right?"
"Use magic to defeat magic, there is nothing wrong with it."
"..."
Many ancient people in the past dynasties nodded in agreement.
This is indeed a way. .
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