Super-divine civilization begins with the civilian use of dark energy technology

Chapter 193 Chapter 2 X-ray Lithography Machine

Jiang Fan tapped his fingers on the table and began to check the chip technology provided by the auxiliary brain.

The auxiliary brain is a professional upgrade of existing technology. He doesn't know whether this is the ability of the auxiliary brain or the assistance of the master brain of Xinhuo Academy, but he doesn't care about this, as long as he has technology.

Soon he found out the limit of silicon-based chip technology, 0.12nm, which is really the thickness of a single layer of silicon atoms.

But to reach the limit of 0.12nm, a lot of technology needs to be improved.

Jiang Fan thought for a moment and said, "First tell me the advantages and disadvantages of the X-ray lithography machine."

"As for whether to make 0.24nm or 1nm, I will wait until I understand the situation."

Shen Kun stared at Jiang Fan for a while. He felt that this boss was a bit unreliable. What do you mean by knowing the situation?
It’s like having whatever technology you want.

But he did not continue to argue with Jiang Fan. As the saying goes, only three things come true. Jiang Fan had already asked twice. If he refuted again, the boss would be angry.

The boss is a bit unreliable, but who said that the boss is his current financial backer!

Even if a layman guides an expert, as long as he provides money for his research project, he can satisfy his boss.

Shen Kun cleared his throat and said directly: "To introduce X-ray lithography machines, I have to mention extreme ultraviolet lithography machines. Nowadays, the mainstream chip lithography machines are extreme ultraviolet lithography machines, and the most advanced ones are also extreme ultraviolet lithography machines. .”

"There are many differences between the two lithography machines."

“The wavelength of the .

But X-rays also have big problems. Because they are too penetrating, they cannot be magnified and reduced with lenses, while extreme ultraviolet rays can be enlarged and reduced. This is why extreme ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 10nm can create 2nm chips.

Since X-rays cannot be enlarged or reduced using lenses, the pattern size and mask size are the same.

For example, a 100nm size pattern requires a 100nm size mask, so x-ray lithography relies too much on the accuracy of the electron beam lithography mask. "

"The current X-ray lithography machine can reach 30nm, which is far behind the current mainstream 2nm lithography machine. X-ray lithography machine has been eliminated."

"If you want the X-ray lithography machine to reach an accuracy of 1nm, you need to first make a lens that can amplify and reduce X-rays."

Jiang Fan nodded and checked the chip technology given to him by the auxiliary intelligence brain. He quickly found the lens in it. This lens was a little different from what he expected. Dark energy was involved in the production process. The raw material used to make this lens was a new type of lens. For compounds and general chemical reactions, the dark energy concentration is a constant, the same as normal temperature and pressure.

According to the description of lens technology in chip technology, to make this compound, the dark energy concentration constant needs to be changed. Fortunately, the dark energy concentration value is fixed, so he only needs to build a production workshop with a fixed dark energy concentration. There is no need to worry about revealing the secret of dark energy.

Thinking of this, Jiang Fan showed a satisfied expression and said to Shen Kun: "Besides the lens, is there anything else that needs improvement?"

"please continue."

Shen Kun was silent for a moment, but in the end he did not say anything against it, but continued: "There is also the issue of the light source. A stable light source is very important..."

Under Jiang Fan's guidance, Shen Kun explained most of the problems with the X-ray lithography machine. He didn't remember the remaining problems that clearly.

After all, technology is developing rapidly. He hasn't touched an X-ray lithography machine in a few years. I don't know if it's normal.

Although Shen Kun's explanations were concise and to the point, Jiang Fan's conversation with him continued all day long, and he even worked overtime at night.

After fully understanding the shortcomings of the X-ray lithography machine, Jiang Fan told Shen Kun: "Shen Kun, you set up a chip research group. The purpose of the scientific research group is to improve the X-ray lithography machine. Our main task is Wait for my instructions, accept my questions at any time, and answer my questions."

Shen Kun talked for a whole day and his mouth was dry. According to Jiang Fan, the scientific research team was only used to answer questions and did not need to do anything. He simply agreed: "Boss, I will set up a good scientific research team."

Jiang Fan waved his hand and said, "Okay, go down and rest!"

Shen Kun's voice became hoarse after talking for a whole day, so he should be told to rest quickly.

Shen Kun did not leave immediately, but sat on his seat and hesitated to say anything to Jiang Fan.

"Do you have anything else?" Jiang Fan asked casually when he realized that Shen Kun hadn't left.

Shen Kun hesitated for a moment, then said: "Boss, do you want to establish another quantum chip research group?"

“If silicon-based chips are the present, then quantum chips are the future.

Quantum chips are the core of quantum computers.

A quantum computer is a physical device that uses the laws of quantum mechanics to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations, store and process quantum information.

Quantum computers are more powerful than traditional computers.

For example, 10 bits in a traditional computer correspond to 10 qubits in a quantum computer.At this time, the improvement in quantum computing efficiency is not 10 times, but 2 to the 10th power. And when the size of the chip is getting larger and larger, the quantum computer calculation rate will be further improved.

In fact, there are already successful quantum computers, but quantum computing is not stable enough. Quantum entanglement is very easily affected by temperature, electromagnetic radiation, and vibration.

Quantum computers are things that can run stably in a specific environment and are not as durable as silicon-based chips. "

"If we can improve the stability of quantum computing, we can completely abandon existing computers and change them all to quantum computers. Our supercomputers will be several orders of magnitude ahead of the world, and our electronic products will be several generations ahead of other products."

Jiang Fan rolled his eyes at Shen Kun. This Shen Kun would rather study unstable quantum chips than help him study X-ray lithography machines.

But he is the boss, and when he cannot convince his employees, he can just give the order: "Shen Kun, you complete the tasks assigned by me first. As for the quantum chip, we will talk about it in a year."

"Okay, you go out!"

Shen Kun glanced at Jiang Fan unwillingly and found that Jiang Fan was determined to drive people away. He could only sigh and walked out.

Compared to upgrading current silicon-based chips, he still thinks it is better to upgrade quantum chips.

Today's silicon-based chips have shrunk to 2nm. According to scientists' predictions, the limit of silicon-based chips is actually not 0.12nm, but 1nm.

The advancement of semiconductor technology has driven the rapid development of modern science and technology. Semiconductor chips are the cornerstone of the information society.

Currently, chip manufacturing technology below 1 nanometer (nm) is gradually being developed and implemented.

However, with the advancement of technology, the problems faced by chips are becoming more and more complex, and the constraints are increasing day by day.

For example, physical limits: when the chip manufacturing process approaches 1nm, it begins to reach the limit of quantum effects.The behavior of electrons is limited by quantum mechanics, such as quantum tunneling, which causes electrons to tunnel through insulating layers, causing current leakage.

To solve this problem, new materials, new technologies, and new structures are needed.Not to mention new materials, the discovery of new materials is a long process.

The new technology is mainly the improvement of computer-aided design (CAD) software. This is mainly a programming problem and can be solved slowly.

New chip architectures can use three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) and heterogeneous integration.

Three-dimensional integrated circuits can integrate different layers together to achieve higher integration and performance.Heterogeneous integration integrates different technologies (such as CMOS and photonic devices) on the same chip to improve efficiency and performance.

These can all open the way for processes below 1nm.

Even if these breakthroughs are made, manufacturing is still a big problem. On the one hand, the precision requirements in the manufacturing process are extremely high.On the other hand, higher requirements are also put forward for product testing.

To put it simply, breakthroughs below 1nm require many technological breakthroughs, but the benefits after the breakthrough are not great.

Therefore, Shen Kun thinks that silicon-based chips can reach 1nm, and there is no need to build chips below 1nm.

Since the cut-off is 1nm, there is no need to improve the X-ray lithography machine, just continue to improve the ultraviolet lithography machine.

As for 1nm extreme ultraviolet lithography machines, many companies are already studying them. Jiang Fan really doesn’t need to pursue this.

Instead of spending a lot of money chasing silicon-based chip technology, running into the track that others are good at, and being bullied by others, it is better to invest money in the research of quantum chips.

Shen Kun failed to convince his boss this time, and he plans to continue persuading him next time he has the opportunity.

Jiang Fan watched Shen Kun leave and shook his head slightly. Of course he knew that quantum chips were the future.

He had only briefly browsed the quantum chip technology provided by Zhinu. Perhaps it was because Blue Star's quantum chip technology was so bad. Compared with silicon-based chip technology, the improvements in quantum chip technology were even more outrageous, and could even be said to be beyond recognition.

The main application of quantum chips is quantum computers.

A quantum computer is a machine that can achieve quantum computing. It uses the laws of quantum mechanics to implement mathematical and logical operations, process and store information.

It uses the quantum state as the memory unit and information storage form, and quantum communication and quantum computing based on the evolution of quantum dynamics as the basis for information transmission and processing. In quantum computers, the size of various components of its hardware reaches the order of atoms or molecules.

A quantum computer is a physical system that can store and process information represented by quantum bits.

Just like traditional computers realize the distinction between 0 and 1 through the switching of circuits in integrated circuits, and their basic units are silicon wafers, quantum computers also have their own basic unit - qubit.

Qubit, also known as qubit, expresses 0 or 1 through the two-state quantum mechanical system of the quantum.

For example, the two orthogonal polarization directions of photons, the spin direction of electrons in a magnetic field, or the two directions of nuclear spin, the two different energy levels of quantum in atoms, or the spatial mode of any quantum system, etc.

The principle of quantum computing is to evolve the quantum state in the quantum mechanical system.

If Jiang Fan comes up with quantum chip technology, he must also come up with supporting quantum computer technology.

As a whole, his technological improvements include quantum algorithms, quantum coding, etc. in terms of software, and quantum transistors, quantum memories, quantum effectors, etc. in terms of hardware.

Forget it, what’s even more outrageous is that the improvement also involves new quantum formulas!
Therefore, if he wants to improve quantum chip technology, he must also upgrade quantum theory.

He is not Einstein, and upgrading quantum theory will cause countless troubles! !
Therefore, designing quantum chips can only be postponed.

Give him a period of time to buffer, slowly release advanced quantum formulas, and propose advanced quantum theories, and then the quantum chip will be ready.

As for now, it would be better for him to concentrate on researching silicon-based chips.

According to Shen Kun's suggestion, Jiang Fan first studied lenses. X-rays are too penetrating, so the requirements for lenses are very high.

He began to look at lens manufacturing technology. The most critical factor in lens manufacturing is material.

After reading the material properties of this new compound, Jiang Fan had a bold idea.

This material has such strong anti-penetration properties, can it replace lead as a radiation isolation material?

Radiation also depends on the dose. It can amplify or reduce X-rays. Perhaps with specific design, it can be made into radiation-proof materials.

But that was a story for later, he had to create this compound first.

The raw materials of the compound are not complicated, they are all common materials, and the conditions required for chemical reactions are relatively easy to meet.

When he was studying the preparation of graphene before, he had already designed a set of equipment to change the concentration of dark energy. This equipment was readily available and he could use it directly.

He immediately informed laboratory assistant Kang Xiaoxiao and asked her to take people to move the equipment to Laboratory 11.

Contact Gong Mingyong to customize other equipment needed for chemical reactions.

After arranging everything, Jiang Fan went downstairs and walked to the experimental building next to it.

After he moved into Tianmeng Science and Technology Park, he directly occupied a building as a laboratory building with a wave of his hand.

In addition to being a place for experiments, this experimental building is also a refuge.

In addition to the insufficient protection level, this building has complete facilities and stores enough supplies for 1000 people to survive for ten years.

The reason why he stored so many supplies was because he was really scared. Some people were directly discharging nuclear sewage. What if the environmental pollution is serious in the future?
Of course, this is just to prevent trouble before it happens, and it can be regarded as a psychological comfort for myself to worry about things, but it is basically of no use.

Nuclear radiation contamination has not affected him yet.

Moreover, this is not a professional shelter. This building was originally built as an ordinary residential building, which means that only an ordinary C4 can blow a big hole in this building.

When Jiang Fan walked to Laboratory 11, Kang Xiaoxiao was already waiting here with more than a dozen people.

Moving to a wider laboratory building, he naturally had to recruit more laboratory assistants.

The number of laboratory assistants directly reached 1000, and he recruited them all in one go.

Originally, he only planned to recruit 100 people, but during the selection process, Jiang Fan discovered something fishy among the applicants.

There was something wrong with the people applying for the job. He found many people who looked like spies! ! !

(End of this chapter)