The most powerful god in the city

Zhou Ye bought a lot of things in Bianzang, such as thangka.

Thangka is also called Tangga, Tangka, is a Tibetan transliteration, refers to a religious scroll painting that is framed with colored satin and hung for worship.

Thangka is a unique art form of painting in Tibetan culture, and the subject matter involves many fields such as Tibetan history, culture and social life.

Thangka is a unique art form of painting in Tibetan culture.

It has distinctive national characteristics, strong religious color and unique artistic style, and depicts the sacred Buddha world with bright colors; the pigments are all precious mineral gems such as gold, silver, pearls, agate, coral, turquoise, malachite, cinnabar, and plants such as saffron, rhubarb, and indigo, which are used as pigments to show their sacredness.

These natural ingredients ensure that the painted thangkas are bright and dazzling, and even after hundreds of years, they are still bright and bright.

Therefore, it is known as the treasure of national painting art, known as the "encyclopedia" of the Tibetan people, and is also a precious intangible cultural heritage in the folk art of the Chinese nation.

The painting of traditional thangkas is demanding and complicated, and must be carried out in accordance with the rituals in the scriptures and the requirements of the guru, including a set of procedures such as pre-painting rituals, making canvases, composing drafts, coloring and dyeing, outlining and shaping, paving gold and silver, opening eyes, and sewing and opening the light. It takes a long time to make a thangka, from half a year to more than 10 years.

Zhou Ye bought several.

I'm going to buy it back for collection.

The subject matter of thangkachi is mainly religious, involving history, politics, economy, culture, folklore, secular life, architecture, medicine, astronomy, calendrical calculations and other fields.

Generally, it can be divided into religious and non-religious categories.

Religious categories include: Mandala Paintings, Bunsen, Tree Gatherings, Patriarch Statues, Life Biographies, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, Buddha-figure Protectors, Empty Lines, Arhats, Cycle of Life and Death, Western Elysium, etc.

Non-religious categories include: history, legends, astronomical calendars, Tibetan medicine, etc.

The most common of these are religious paintings, the Buddha statue, which is a thangka that depicts the main figure in the center and fills a week around the main body in a clockwise direction around the main figure, place of activity or story.

Each thangka painting generally depicts a relatively complete story, and the scenery of the picture changes according to the needs of the storyline, and is not limited by history, time, and space.

The figures in the picture are also not affected by the relationship between distance and perspective, and the composition is balanced, plump and changeable.

The production of thangka is divided into many steps.

It's also very complicated.

The first is to choose the canvas: the canvas is generally a light-colored canvas, not too thick and too hard, because the canvas is too thick and too hard to make the paint peel and wrinkle. The most suitable canvas is pure white poplin or cotton cloth with fine weaving, and white silk without patterns is also very suitable for canvas. Some thangkas are so large that they can only stitch together several pieces of canvas with very fine stitches, and the seams of the two pieces of cloth that have been sewn together must not hinder the integrity of the thangka picture.

Next, the canvas should be fixed: sew it on a fine wooden frame along the four sides of the canvas, tighten the canvas on the fine wooden frame, and then use a strong rope to firmly tie the fine wooden frame to the large easel "Tang Zhuo", and tie the four sides of the fine wooden frame with the four sides of the large easel according to the zigzag rope pattern.

Then it's gluing and sanding: a thin layer of glue is first applied to the canvas as a "base color" and then dried.

The purpose of applying light glue is to prevent the canvas from adsorbing and penetrating into the pigment, and to prevent the pigment from "changing" on the canvas, so that the pigment will not lose its original color when applied to the cloth. After that, a thin layer of lime paste is added.

After the second coat of paint has dried, spread the canvas on a flat place such as a wooden board or tabletop, and rub the surface of the canvas repeatedly with a piece of glass, a shell, cobblestone, or other smooth object until the canvas is no longer visible.

Then there is the corrective canvas: the right longitude and latitude.

Fifth Dozen Lines: Draw the main positioning line. There are edges, center vertical lines, two diagonals, and any other contour lines that need to be marked.

The sixth is to sketch a "white drawing" of a Buddha statue with charcoal, and then use ink to draw an ink line (the ink line sketch is called a line sketch called "black drawing").

Seventh coloring: According to the different scenes depicted in the picture, such as water, rocks, hills, clouds, etc., paint the corresponding colors on different scenes. Apply only one color at a time, light first, then dark. When painting a Buddha statue, first paint the lotus seat, then the canvas decoration, and finally the Buddha body. When drawing the background, light first and then dark.

Eighth Draw: After drawing the above sections, draw the patterns on the clothes in gold (these gold patterns are called "gold paintings"). Some of the picture decorations and other parts of the picture are also outlined with various colored lines.

The last is to open the face: opening the eyebrows and eyes includes painting the eyes, lips, nostrils, nails, etc., which is the last process in the thangka painting process, and it is also the most important step. Therefore, some old artists regard the kung fu of opening their eyebrows as a stunt, which is passed down from one line to another, and is not easy to show. According to traditional customs, to open your eyes to choose a good day and auspicious day.

Opening the eyebrows and eyes can play the role of the finishing touch, and at the same time herald the final completion of a thangka.