I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

The plane of Renzong of the Great Song Dynasty.

After Song Renzong Zhao Zhen saw the news about movable type printing in the high-altitude barrage, he immediately issued a decree, ordering officials from various places to find a person named Bi Sheng within their respective jurisdictions and bring him to the palace to see him.

He indeed had no idea that movable type printing had been invented in his day.

Although he didn't know what movable type printing meant, people in later generations spoke so highly of it that Zhao Zhen felt that it must be a very useful thing.

Therefore, he naturally cannot let this technology be ignored as it was in the original historical time and space.

【Although the Sui Dynasty continued the imperial examination system from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, if you want to take the imperial examination, you still need to be recommended by an official of fifth rank or above. During this period, the proportion of officials from the noble family remained at about 67%.】

"Didn’t the imperial examination system originate from the Sui Dynasty? How could it be that the imperial examination system of the Southern and Northern Dynasties was followed?"

"Reply - There are many opinions about the emergence of the imperial examination system, and historians have different views. It is also a view that it originated from the Southern and Northern Dynasties."

"Reply--According to some historical records, the imperial examination did have its germination in the late Southern and Northern Dynasties. For example,"The Biography of Ma Jingde" in Volume 44 of"Book of Northern Qi" contains: According to the scholar's policy, he only got the middle grade; he was asked to take a test on the classics, and all ten questions were passed. Promoted to Guozi's assistant professor and moved to Taixue Doctorate"

"Reply - There are also records in the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. For example, in the third year of Taishi, Emperor Ming of the Song Dynasty, Luo Zai negotiated the"Ce Xiu Xiao Ge" and said: Five questions are considered to be the top, four and three are the middle, two are the bottom, and one does not match. No."

"Reply - Some historians believe that the Jinshi Examination established in the second year of Emperor Yang’s reign of the Sui Dynasty was the real beginning of the imperial examination system."

"Reply - Although Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty established the Jinshi Examination, similar to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it requires the recommendation of an official of fifth rank or above to refer to it. Therefore, many historians believe that it is still a recommendation in nature and not a real imperial examination."

"Reply - There is controversy over when the imperial examination originated, but it was initially completed and formed, and it is clear that it was in the Tang Dynasty"

【It was not until the fall of the Sui Dynasty and the establishment of the Tang Dynasty that the real imperial examination system took shape under the continuous high pressure of Tang Gaozu and Tang Taizong.】

【This system has three key points: 1. Responding to ultimatums. Scholars can register for the exam on their own without having to be recommended by officials; 2. The exams are held regularly; 3. A set of strict exam standards is formulated.】

【The implementation of the imperial examination system indeed curbed the infiltration of wealthy noble families.】

【But what the emperor could not imagine was that those students who were born from common people and became emerging elites did not choose to maintain their original class. Instead, they chose to join forces with the established elites and gentry, locking the imperial examination system again.】

【According to the"History of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", there were 369 prime ministers in the Tang Dynasty, 27 of whom came from the tenth house of the Boling Cui family alone. This is just one family.】

【There were a total of 28 clans like Cui in the Tang Dynasty.】

【Among them, the most well-known is the Five Surnames and Qiwang】

【Except for the prime ministers, among the thousands of Jinshi admitted in the Tang Dynasty, the proportion of noble families still accounted for 80%.%】

【Although they cannot abolish the imperial examination, they can control it through huge resources】

【In the Tang Dynasty, there was an official education system called"Six Studies and Two Halls", which was equivalent to the institutions of higher learning in the Tang Dynasty.】

【Among the"six studies and two schools", the studies of law, calligraphy and arithmetic, which have the lowest admission requirements, only accept the descendants of officials below the eighth rank or the descendants of common landowners.】

【They can't set limits on the imperial examination system, so they set limits on the entire educational resources.】

【Whether it is the imperial examination questions or the officials who grade the papers, they will inevitably favor the children of the"Six Studies and Two Halls"】

"The exam questions are okay, but the focus is on marking. The imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty were not anonymous or transcribed, and there were no multiple examiners to cross-mark the papers. This was too easy to operate in secret."

"Reply - Yes, although it must be admitted that the educational resources of the children of aristocratic families are better than those of other classes, the proportion of 80% Jinshi is too high. There is definitely a factor of network interference."

"Reply - To be honest, compared with later generations, the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty was not perfect and did not have high gold content. Many number one scholars got it through the back door."

"Reply - What was said above is true. For example, the great poet Wang Wei got his No. 1 Scholarship through the back door."

"……"

The plane of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.

Wang Wei looked at the giant high-altitude screen with some embarrassment on his face.

He really did take the route.

But there is no way, the reality is like this, everyone is taking advantage of others.

If he doesn't leave, he is destined to miss the top spot.

……

The plane of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Shimin was thinking.

Judging from the words of later generations, there are indeed many problems with the current imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty.

But the value of the imperial examination system cannot be denied.

It gives the rest of the class a clear path up the ladder.

Therefore, Li Shimin knew that what he had to do was to make this channel better, not to abandon it.

At this time, he captured three key points in the numerous barrages: anonymity, transcription, and cross-marking by multiple examiners.

After thinking carefully, Li Shimin's eyes lit up.

It’s indeed a good idea!

In this way, the problem of imperial examination fraud can be solved to a large extent and the imperial examination will be made fairer.

After making up his mind, Li Shimin said to Fang Xuanling:

"Xuanling, the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty needs to be changed."

"May I ask Your Majesty, how to change? Fang

Xuanling asked.

Li Shimin pointed at the giant screen in the sky and said calmly:

"Anonymous, transcribed, and cross-marked by multiple examiners."

His tone was very calm, but with a sense of refusal.

【If you are talented, very lucky, and pass the imperial examination by chance, the nobles and nobles will win over you. If you refuse to be approached by all the powerful people, it is very likely that you will not be able to move forward in the court.】

【After all, there are only a few people with such excellent talent and luck, so the Tang Dynasty had a large number of common people literati who had no talent and were not recognized.】

【During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in order to better defend the border and control wealthy families, many Hu people served as military envoys in border towns.】

【Why use barbarians? Because the background of the Hu people is relatively clean and has nothing to do with the family.】

【After all, a person's quality can be faked, but his background and the position derived from his background cannot be faked.】

"Hey, this perspective on Li Longji’s establishment of Jiedushi is quite novel. It’s the first time I’ve heard of it."

"This angle makes sense, as it creates a tug-of-war between the powerful clans and the centralized military governors, and it is difficult for the military governors who are from barbarian origins to get together with the wealthy nobles."

"However, the harm caused by the Jieduzhi system is greater than the expansion of the wealthy gentry."

"Isn't this just drinking poison to quench thirst? Cultivate a military-political monster on the border, and a short-term outbreak will be more harmful"

"The practice of the Anshi Rebellion proved that this approach was a failure."

"……"

The plane of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Longji looked at the many barrages on the giant screen and kept thinking in his mind.

As people of later generations have said, no matter what the purpose of setting up Jiedushi was, the emergence of the Anshi Rebellion in the original historical time and space has proved the failure of this system.

This system must be abolished.

But it must be planned slowly.

Li Longji, who was stimulated by the tragedy of the Anshi Rebellion and regained his composure, vaguely resembled the person he had been in the first half of his life.

【With their prospects bleak, many common people literati chose to go to the border to realize their ideals and ambitions by becoming a staff member of the Jiedushi Envoy.】

【For example, Yan Zhuang and Gao Shang defected to An Lushan and became the two great advisers around him.】

【Because of the An-Shi Rebellion, some families were hit, and many lower-level literati were able to enter the center of power. After the An-Shi Rebellion, the proportion of officials who came from noble families dropped to 56%】

【The dissipation of old forces means the emergence of new forces】

【By the end of the Tang Dynasty, this group controlled the imperial examinations in the same way, and even intensified it, resulting in the proportion of gentry clans among court officials reaching an astonishing 89%.%】

【Obviously, this has entered the next cycle】

【However, this time the cycle is broken, there is only the collision of blood and fire】

"he came! he came! He's coming with a steel knife!"

"The soaring general Huang Chao has arrived!"

"The real end of the powerful gentry has come"

"…………"

【In the prosperous city of Chang'an, a young man is staring closely at the imperial examination list.】

【This is the third time he has participated in the imperial examination, and the third time he has been replaced by a member of the family.】

【This person is Huang Chao】

【Huang Chao was a native of Caozhou Yuanju (now northwest of Cao County, Heze, Shandong). His family had been selling private salt for generations, and his family was very wealthy.】

【He is good at swordsmanship, equestrianism and archery. He is proficient in pen and ink. He was talented in poetry when he was a child. When he was five years old, he was able to write poems while serving his grandfather. It can be said that he is both civil and military.】

【But he never expected that the imperial examination would be so controlled by aristocratic families.end】

【So after failing the imperial examination for the third time, Huang Chao wrote a poem"Fu Ju" full of resentment and left Chang'an, and later inherited his ancestral business and became the leader of the Salt Gang. 】

In the giant screen high in the sky.

The poem"Fu Di Hou Fu Ju" appeared: (To read Baoshuang novels, go to Feilu Novel Network!)

【When autumn comes on September 8th, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom.

The soaring incense array penetrates Chang'an, and the city is filled with golden armor】

"The best in anti-poetry"

"awesomeness! Murderous!"

"The roar of the failed student!"

"This is what he wrote, and this is what he did. It is a combination of knowledge and action."

"…………"

In the many dynasties before the end of the Tang Dynasty, many emperors were shocked.

This anti-poem is indeed very murderous.

The plane of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Shimin's eyes became slightly serious.

Seeing those barrages on the giant screen high in the sky, he had a bad feeling. This man named Huang Chao might do something bad to the Tang Dynasty in the future.

【In the second year of Qianfu (875), there was a severe drought in Shandong, and the wheat harvest was only half-harvested. There were almost no crops in the autumn, and the states and counties did not comment on the disaster, resulting in"the people were in ruins and had nowhere to complain.""】

【As a result, Huang Chao and Wang Xianzhi jointly launched an uprising】

【The rebel army fought successively and quickly grew to 300,000 people, forcing the Tang court to have the idea of ​​​​negotiating peace.】

【In fact, six years before the Huangchao Uprising, the Qiu Fu and Pang Xun uprisings broke out successively.】

【Under the monopoly of the noble families at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty's dignitaries and common people have become two completely different species.】

【For example, in the 10th year of Xiantong (869), there was a severe drought in Shaanzhou. Some people complained about the disaster. Cui Xun, the observation envoy, pointed to the tree in the courtyard and said,"There are leaves growing on it. Where is the drought?" Not only that, He also had people who reported the disaster beat up. 】

The plane of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Shimin was angry.

This kind of official who corrupts the imperial court and endangers the imperial power should be killed!

Doesn't acting like this during a great disaster force the people to rebel?

【The reason why Huang Chao's uprising had a greater impact than Qiu Fu, Pang Xun and others was because he also absorbed the theories of Cui Xing, an observer.】

【That is, as long as there is still a noble family in the world, the uprising has not been completed.】

【Every time Huang Chao conquered a city, he massacred a large number of noble families and clan officials.】

【After entering Chang'an, he"burned the inner treasury to beautiful ashes and trampled all the bones of the ministers in the streets." He killed all the officials of the third rank and above, and allowed those below the fourth rank to work as usual, and searched the city for clan members and aristocratic families.】

【As long as they are discovered, the whole clan will be killed!】

【According to the record in"New Book of Tang": He killed 80,000 people and prepared them to flow on the road, which is called"washing the city"."】

【The whole city of Chang'an was filled with blood. When people walked on the street, they had to lift up their trousers and cross the river of blood. This was not called massacre but washing of the city. The whole of Chang'an was washed with blood.】

【I will not comment on Huang Chao's good or evil qualities.】

【However, it is worth noting that since the Huangchao Rebellion, the world has gradually seen the phenomenon of"recruiting scholars regardless of their family background"."，"The phenomenon of"Marriage regardless of gender"】

【Because"their books are lost and their learning cannot be passed on", it happened that a nobleman wanted to read the genealogy and tell the world how glorious his ancestors were, but suddenly found that there were no books to turn to and no one to check, because the book had been stolen by Huang Chao Burn it all, everyone has been killed by Huang Chao】

"Complete the task of eradicating evil! Well done!"

"It has to be so neat and tidy! Completely formatted!"

"Really, without you, it's important to me!"

"Completely breaking the old order"

"Huang Chao's greatest contribution was to kill all the clan members and completely eliminate this cancer."

"Reply - This is a misunderstanding. Judging from Huang Chao's march route map, Huang Chao did not kill all the clan members.】

"Reply - Indeed, Huang Chao's rebel army reached Guangzhou in the south, Luoyang and Chang'an in the north, and was finally defeated in Shandong. Only the Cui family of Qinghe, the Zheng family of Xingyang, the Yang family of Hongnong, and the Wei family and Du family of Chang'an were within the scope of the rebel army. , why the Li family of Zhaojun, the Li family of Longxi, etc. are not among them?"

"Reply - These noble families don't live in Junwang, they all live in Chang'an."

"Reply - The land base of the clan is in Junwang. It is impossible for them all to move to Chang'an. There are people on both sides."

"It is a misunderstanding to say that Huang Chao has completely solved the clan. Simply killing people cannot fundamentally prevent the emergence of new clans. If knowledge monopoly, political recommendation and political marriage are maintained, new clans will also appear."

"Reply - Yes, the gentry is a system, and only the system can destroy the system!"[]

"Reply - I think it was the combination of the popularization of movable type printing and the completely improved imperial examination system that completely ended the clan."

"Reply - Among the reasons mentioned above, you can also add that the advancement of productivity has made paper popular"

"Reply - Let's talk separately. Although Huang Chao could not dismantle the system of regeneration of the clan system, he destroyed the people of the old clan, which undoubtedly bought time for the new system to replace the old system and created opportunities."

"Reply - The person above is right. If Huang Chao hadn't physically eliminated the old clan members, they wouldn't have given up so easily."

"Reply - I agree with you above. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms only lasted for more than fifty years, and there was no time to establish new clans. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system was quickly popularized and did not give time to new clans."

"Reply - There is also the development of agricultural production level. The economic status and cultural accomplishment of small and medium-sized landowners of the common people have been continuously improved, which has provided the soil that is truly suitable for the survival of the imperial examination system."

【After Huang Chao. The land equalization system and rent-to-rent system envisaged by the Tang Dynasty were actually implemented in the next period. Some farmers who obtained land also played a role in curbing mergers and weakening the gentry.】

【Thus, the situation of"ruling the world together with the scholar-bureaucrats" emerged in the Song Dynasty. As for the powerful gentry, they have long disappeared in the long river of history.】

"The powerful gentry disappeared, but the scholar-bureaucrat group of the Song Dynasty and the gentry and landlord group of the Ming and Qing Dynasties appeared. It felt like they were just changing their names."

"reply—It is still different. After the Song Dynasty, it should be called a society of common people and landlords. Small and medium-sized landlords gradually became the mainstream of society. The degree of social atomization deepened and it was difficult to form a strong local force. Compared with the wealthy gentry, it was much weaker and unable to compete with the imperial power. make a big fight"

"Reply - Indeed, for example, the degree of imperial autocracy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was far higher than that of previous dynasties."

"…………"

In many dynasties, many emperors watched the giant screens in the sky and pondered the views of these barrages.

Regardless of whether their dynasty consisted of local tycoons, powerful gentry, or gentry and landlords, there were always issues of power sharing and balance.

These emperors felt that perhaps a better model of power distribution could be found by incorporating the views of later generations..