I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

[The Ming Dingling Mausoleum buried Emperor Wanli and his empress, the Imperial Noble Consort. Wanli lived for 48 years, so there must be a lot of precious historical materials in the mausoleum. ]

[In order to obtain these cultural relics, the archaeological team opened the Ming Dingling Mausoleum in 1957. This is also the only imperial mausoleum that the official has actively excavated. ]

[Due to lack of experience and technology, many cultural relics were directly rotten and broken into pieces the moment they came into contact with the outside air, including a large number of precious silk and wood products. ]

[More than 3,000 cultural relics that were successfully unearthed were also piled up in a simple warehouse due to the lack of a constant temperature and humidity environment, and were severely damaged. ]

[Some of them have not been successfully restored until today, which has attracted a lot of criticism. 】

The bullet screen flew out:

"Alas, this is a heavy loss."

"The decision made back then was too hasty."

"..."

The Great Ming Emperor Shenzong plane.

The Ming Emperor Shenzong was extremely angry.

This is normal.

No matter who it is, no one will be happy to see their tombs being dug up and destroyed.

……

【After this tragedy, the academic community learned from the pain, and many experts jointly suggested to the country: In the future, the emperor's tomb will no longer be opened actively, and only protective excavations will be carried out. 】

【That is, when it is determined that the tomb has been stolen or is about to be destroyed, excavation is carried out to save cultural relics. 】

【It is precisely because of this rule that except for Dingling, the rest of the Ming Dynasty's 13 Tombs have not been excavated. 】

【The Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu of Han, the Zhaoling Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of Tang, and the Yongchang Mausoleum of Emperor Taizu of Song were also protected after their locations were determined. The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang that we are talking about today is naturally included. 】

……

“So that’s it.”

Many ancient people from all dynasties suddenly realized it.

They then understood why the Dragon Kingdom of later generations chose not to dig the tomb of Qin Shihuang when they had the ability to do so.

Suddenly, many ancient people praised the Dragon Kingdom of later generations for this behavior.

In the planes of many dynasties such as the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty, many emperors expressed satisfaction with the decision of the Dragon Kingdom of later generations on September 13.

……

【But then again, even under the consensus of “protection”, there is still debate in the academic community about whether to dig the underground palace of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. 】

【Based on the two reasons mentioned in the opening, many experts believe that it should be excavated earlier. 】

【To excavate or not to excavate, that is the question. 】

【While there is a heated debate outside, Qin Shihuang is still sleeping quietly in the underground palace with his legendary story, arousing the curiosity of generations. 】

【Perhaps, the imagination of the unknown is more interesting than the story itself. 】

……

After a conclusion.

This video ends.

On the giant screen in the sky.

The video is refreshed.

A new video appears.

【Why did the Republic of ChinaBecome an empire? ——Roman bloody disputes and power struggles! 】

After this line of video headlines, there is a short preface.

……

[Rome is one of the most glorious countries in the ancient world. Its rise and fall are important chapters in world history. 】

[And this great country has experienced a transition from a republican system to an imperial system.]

[Today, the UP host wants to talk to you about this exciting history. You can experience the relationship between democracy and centralization from historical phenomena. 】

……

After reading the preface.

Many emperors of all dynasties have shown great interest in the content of the following video.

In previous videos, they have learned some information about the country of Rome.

They know that this country was not only once extremely powerful, but also has a long and huge influence in the West.

Even thousands of years later, many Western countries are still vying for the name of "Roman orthodoxy".

Therefore.

They are very interested in learning about the history of Rome.

And the content of "From the Democratic Republic to the Empire" is also very attractive to them.

According to the information obtained from various previous videos, they know that according to the general concept of later generations, the democratic system is considered to be superior to the imperial system.

So much so that in later generations, the imperial system has almost disappeared.

And Rome unexpectedly experienced the transformation from the democratic republic to the imperial system.

This made many emperors curious about what happened?

Some emperors even wondered: Does this mean that the imperial system has more advantages than the democratic republic?

Thinking about it.

They became even more excited.

After all, as emperors, they are naturally supporters of the imperial system.

In the expectation of many emperors.

The video content on the high-altitude giant screen continued.

……

[Rome, which rose on the Apennine Peninsula, was originally just an ordinary kingdom, and the area it controlled was the scope of the ancient city of Rome. ]

[In 509 BC, Tarquin, who was regarded as a tyrant due to his failed rule, was overthrown by the revolution and the Roman Republic was established. ]

[The ancient and rigid king system was abandoned, and the republican system was initially formed. ]

[Although the initial republic was still only a few aristocratic families in power, after the active struggle of the Roman civilians, ordinary citizens gradually gained rights. They could establish a civilian assembly and have the opportunity to hold senior positions. ]

[The tribunes elected in the civilian assembly can directly enter the Senate and are responsible for protecting the rights of civilians from infringement by the nobles. ]

[Except for the resolutions of the dictator temporarily established during the national crisis, the tribunes have a veto over all national resolutions. ]

……

"What? The tribunes of civilian origin actually have a veto over all national resolutions.Veto power? ? ! ! "

Many common people in all dynasties were shocked.

This was completely unimaginable for them who lived in the ancient Chinese monarchy.

"Ordinary people can actually have such great power? It's incredible! It's incredible! ”

Many common people from all dynasties exclaimed.

If it was in a country thousands of years later, they would not find it strange that the people had such a huge right to participate in and interfere in state affairs.

But this is Rome thousands of years ago!

For a while.

Many common people from all dynasties were extremely envious.

They also wanted to have such rights.

Even.

After the ideological baptism of the high-altitude giant screen video, some common people from all dynasties felt that they should have such rights!

As ancient people, Roman common people could have it, so why couldn’t Chinese common people have it?

At the same time.

On the other side.

The emperors of all dynasties were also extremely shocked.

They didn’t expect that Rome overthrew the king system first and then established the republican system.

They didn’t expect that the common people’s parliament would elect The tribunes who were elected could actually have such enormous power.

This was difficult to understand for the emperors who were accustomed to the idea of ​​the supremacy of imperial power.

Even if they were so-called wise rulers who loved the people like their own children, they could take measures such as light taxes and levies to treat the people well to a certain extent.

But it was absolutely impossible to give up any power to the people.

Not to mention the tribunes who were elected by the Plebeian Assembly and could veto national resolutions.

……

[This promoted the continuous improvement of the Roman Republic. ]

[The vitality of the country was also highlighted by the change of the political system. ]

[In the middle and late period of the Roman Republic, the political power of Rome was divided into three, namely the consul, the citizen assembly and the Senate. ]

……

The plane of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Shimin was moved:

"Separation of powers? ”

This division of national political power reminded him of the "separation of powers" system implemented by some countries in later generations.

…

[First: consul.]

[It is elected by the military group in the Citizens' Assembly. There are two people in this position, with a term of one year. Initially, it was mostly occupied by aristocrats.]

[But in the 4th century BC, there was the first civilian consul.]

[From then on, one of the two consuls must be elected from the civilians and can enter the Senate after the term expires.]

The barrage flew out: (To read the violent novel, go to Faloo Novel Network!)

"I'm very curious, how can the nobles give in?"

"Reply-Of course it was obtained through struggle. Would the nobles give up power on their own initiative?"

"Reply-Yes, power is not obtained by asking for it, it must be obtained through struggle."

"Reply - The Roman commoners fought for their rights with the nobles for a long time, such as the three major evacuations."

"Reply - What does this mean?" []

"Reply - The Roman commoners took advantage of the invasion of foreign enemies as an opportunity to launch a struggle, and left Rome with weapons together, refusing to fight. This way of struggle is called an evacuation movement."

"Reply - Good guy, it's really cool."

"..."

The eyes of many common people in all dynasties suddenly lit up, and their hearts became a little excited.

This struggle between the Roman commoners and the nobles gave them inspiration.

As people in later generations said, rights are won through struggle.

At the same time.

On the other side.

The emperors of all dynasties were quite unhappy.

They didn't want the people of their respective dynasties to see these contents.

In their hearts, the people who have no sense of resistance are good people.

……

[Second: Citizens Assembly. ]

[Its duties are to elect senior officials, decide whether to declare war, and vote on all proposals submitted by the consuls. ]

[However, all proposals passed by the assembly must be finally approved by the Senate before they can take effect. 】

Barrage flew out:

"It's hard to believe that this is a system from thousands of years ago."

"Is this similar to parliamentary elections? Thousands of years ago, the election was implemented. It's too strong. Compared with our ancient times... Hey."

"Reply--Don't say it. The discussion of the ... It also has to be decided by the National People's Congress? This is really a bit unexpected. This is the first time I know this. "

"Reply--There are many examples of the National People's Congress playing a role in "Zuo Zhuan". For example, when the Xing people and the Di people attacked the Wei State, Duke Wen of Wei wanted to give the throne to others, but was rejected by the National People's Congress.......... and Duke Cheng of Wei wanted to be close to the Chu State, but the people disagreed, so they drove away their monarch. "

"Reply--Wow, is it so powerful?"

"Reply--It is because the National People's Congress can abolish and establish monarchs, lead national foreign policies, decide military operations and other national affairs. The power is too great. Therefore, after entering the Warring States Period, the various countries reformed and strengthened themselves, and strengthened the centralization of power. The National People's Congress system of political affairs gradually became a decoration, or even abolished. "

"..."

The plane of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Zhanji said in surprise:

"Is there such a situation in the Spring and Autumn Period?"

Hearing this, Zhu Di glanced at Zhu Zhanji and replied calmly:

"These contents are all recorded in the classics. It seems that you have not read enough books. Read more books for half an hour in the future."

"Ah!"

Zhu Zhanji was numb.

Zhu Di on the side was too lazy to pay attention to Zhu Zhanji, but thought about it.

He knew the relevant contents of the "National People's Congress" in the Spring and Autumn Period.

He felt that there were inevitable reasons why this system would be abolished in the end.

In his opinion, this so-called dish-cooking deliberative system is not necessarily good.

Only when the power of the state is concentrated can the state resources be used more efficiently.

……

[The third and largest power institution: the Senate. 】

【It is composed of about 300 people, mainly nobles, but later retired consuls and upper civilians can also join. 】

【The Senate is the highest power and decision-making body, which takes charge of administrative, legislative, diplomatic, military, financial, judicial and other powers. 】

【The overlapping powers of the consuls and the citizens' assembly are subject to the Senate. 】

【The Senate is also the representative and defender of the Roman Republic. 】

【The members of the Senate also include tribunes, financial officials, inspectors, judicial officials, etc. 】

【Of course, the political system of the Republic is not static. 】

【But it can be roughly summarized as the sharing of state power by the above three institutions. 】

【At this point we can see that this is actually a system of separation of powers, which can achieve checks and balances between various classes of the country. 】

The bullet screen flew out:

"This feels a bit different from the separation of powers, right?"

"Reply - Be bold, remove the question mark, this is not really a separation of powers."

"Reply - Yes, in fact, the Senate holds absolute power, and there is no check and balance relationship."

"Reply - This division is actually very messy, and there are many cases of power overlap."

"..."

The plane of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Che recalled the content about the "separation of powers" he had seen in the previous video.

Then he agreed with the views in the bullet screen.

This system of the Roman Republic is very different from the "separation of powers" implemented by later countries.

The "separation of powers" in later countries is to completely separate the three powers of legislation, administration and justice, and hold them by different institutions, exercise them independently, and check and balance each other.

Among them, no institution is the only one.

Under this system of the Roman Republic, the power of the Senate was obviously too great, and it also took over almost all powers including legislation, administration and justice.

Neither the consuls nor the citizens' assembly could effectively check and balance the Senate4.9.

SoThis is not a "separation of powers" system at its root.

……

[Although power is heavily tilted towards the aristocracy, it largely avoids the situation in other countries at the same time where one class gains absolute power and then grows and becomes corrupt, which eventually leads to the rapid decline of the country. ]

[At the same time, the power center of Rome also attaches great importance to the role of the government, using the power of the government to unite the people and create cohesion throughout the country. ]

[All this enables Rome to have a very powerful army to conquer and plunder. ]

[After all, in an era of insufficient productivity, economic resources such as land and labor are very limited. If you want to have a better life, you can only conquer and plunder other people's resources. ]

[Strong military capabilities also promote the strength of the Roman Republic. ]

……

The plane of Taizu of the Great Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang nodded slightly.

Let alone the era of the Roman Republic.

Even in the Age of Exploration in later generations, various colonial plundering activities were frequent.

This is just as it was said in a previous video: foreign colonial plunder is a necessity for national development.

……

[But I still need to explain one thing. ]

[Unlike the republics in today's world, the republic of Rome was mainly a republic among the nobles, and the power of ordinary people was limited. ]

[And the most important point is that the economic cornerstone of this republic is slaves. ]

The barrage flew out:

"Yes, the Roman Republic was actually built on the basis of exploiting slaves."

"Slaves are not citizens, and the Roman Republic does not include slaves."

"The Roman Republic is indeed very different from the republic of later generations."

"Reply - it's a pity to be the same. The system thousands of years ago is of course different from the system thousands of years later."

"..."

Many ancient people in all dynasties nodded slightly.

They also vaguely sensed this. .