I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

[The transition of Gaul from feudalism to centralization is a good proof of this point. ]

[During the first Hundred Years' War between England and France, Gaul was beaten by the British Empire. ]

[According to some historical data, the British Empire was able to defeat Gaul at that time because the British Empire did a better job of centralization than Gaul after the "Book of Doomsday". ]

[Centralization promoted the British Empire's military lead, and Gaul was defeated step by step, and even the capital Paris was captured by the other side. ]

……

"These two countries are really old enemies."

Looking at the giant screen in the sky, many ancient people from all dynasties couldn't help but sigh in their hearts.

In previous videos, they have seen many wars between these two countries.

However, some ancient people thought deeply and felt that it was normal.

Except for the later rising Hans Leopard Kingdom, these two countries are the strongest countries in Europe.

As the saying goes, there is no room for two tigers in one mountain. It is normal for these two countries to keep fighting for European hegemony.

"But it seems that most of the time, it is the Gauls who suffer."

"The geographical advantage of the British Empire is still too great."

Some ancient people muttered in their hearts.

Because even the Gauls during the Napoleonic era, so powerful, did not take down the British Empire.

……

[And it was Joan of Arc who prompted the Gauls to transform from the feudal era to the centralized power. ]

[When the Gauls were beaten by the British Empire, in 1429, the 17-year-old Joan of Arc, who wanted to go to the front line to fight, relied on predicting the outcome of the Battle of Herrings to gain the trust of the Crown Prince (later Charles VII) and obtained the command of the army. 】

【Joan of Arc reformed the Gallic way of fighting, mainly using stone-shooting cannons to attack the British barriers, and the British army collapsed in six days. 】

【The Gallic people suddenly realized and began to pay attention to artillery construction. 】

……

"Hey, it's actually a female general, and she's so young."

Many ancient people in all dynasties were quite shocked.

It is very rare for a woman to become the highest commander of the army.

And it is even more rare to accomplish this at the age of less than 20.

……

【Joan of Arc was active on the battlefield for a very short time. 】

【She was betrayed by the Burgundian nobles in May of the following year, and was captured by the British Empire. A year later, she was burned to death by the British Empire. 】

【Although Joan of Arc died, her heavy artillery fighting method awakened the Gallic people. 】

【Five years after Joan of Arc's death, Charles VII began to reorganize the army, and the most important thing was to build an artillery unit. 】

【But artillery is very expensive. The central government of the feudal Gallic Empire was meager and short of money. 】

【Charles VII could only form an alliance with the big businessman Jacques Cole, reform the tax system, and impose a large number of new taxes such as the poll tax, which gave the central government unprecedented financial strength.power, officially promoted the centralization of the Kingdom of Gaul. 】

[The Kingdom of Gaul finally relied on heavy artillery to defeat the British. 】

[So, it can also be said that it was Joan of Arc who activated the centralization of the Kingdom of Gaul and defeated the British. 】

[The Hundred Years' War between England and France seemed to be a longbow against heavy artillery, but in fact it was a competition between the two countries to enter the centralization first. 】

[Whoever enters the door first will have political and military advantages. 】

……

The plane of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Che nodded.

In a sense, a country under the feudal system is just an alliance.

The central government has weak control over the local governments, and each has different interests, so it is difficult to fully and comprehensively call on local resources.

For example, if his Han Dynasty still had a feudal system similar to that of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, it would be almost impossible for him to mobilize the whole country to attack the Xiongnu.

Only a centralized system can achieve large-scale and efficient use of national political and military resources.

Therefore.

In the case of an incomparable difference in strength, a centralized country with concentrated power is naturally stronger than a feudal country with dispersed power.

……

[In the 16th century, the feudal system in Europe was heading for extinction. ]

[From feudalism to centralization, it should have been the normal evolutionary process of each country, but after the destruction of serfdom in Europe, it entered the industrial revolution in the 18th century, and the country began to industrialize. Without peasants, there would be no peasant uprisings. ]

[So when the Sun Never Sets and the Gallic Roosters started the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty was still in the Taiping Rebellion, and both sides were confused when they looked at each other. 】

【After seeing the new world, Chinese intellectuals began to reflect on themselves. In fact, it was a problem of productivity. 】

……

See here.

In fact, many farmers in the past dynasties also hoped that their dynasties would start the industrial revolution.

They thought that after the industrial revolution, industry would become the main source of national tax revenue, and perhaps they would pay less tax.

Perhaps, like the Dragon Kingdom in later generations, the agricultural tax would be directly abolished.

In that case, their lives would be better.

However.

What they didn't know was that when the first industrial revolution started in the country where the sun never sets, there was a land enclosure movement called "sheep eating people".

The victims were farmers.

……

【Finally, I would like to make a summary. Because the land of China has the special constitution of "large rivers with the same direction as the land", it has always been different from other countries in the world during its growth and development. 】

【Different thoughts, different people, different political systems. 】

【To find the best way to govern China, we should not blindly copy any theory of governing the country in the world, but think more, reason more, and practice more to find the political concept that best suits us.and governance methods. 】

[Learning from others and integrating the characteristics of one's own nation is the best guide for China's future growth. 】

……

After watching the conclusion of the video.

Many ancient political elites from all dynasties agree with this.

To govern China well, we must use methods suitable for China.

……

On the high-altitude giant screen.

The video refreshes.

A new video appears.

[Why do we need to restrict weapons in war? What are the weapons prohibited by "International Law"? 】

……

As soon as I saw the title of this video on the high-altitude giant screen.

Many ancient people from all dynasties were immediately confused.

Will there be restrictions on weapons in wars in the future?

What's the reason?

War is a life-and-death struggle, so naturally you should use whatever weapons you can win.

Isn't it a joke to say that some weapons cannot be used?

Many ancient people did not understand.

This was the first time they heard of such a bizarre thing.

But looking at the title of this video, it is obvious that this situation existed in later generations.

This made the ancient people even more confused.

And it was precisely because of such doubts that they became very interested in the following video content.

They wanted to see what the reason was for restricting weapons during war?

And what kind of weapons would be banned?

……

[I often see people saying on the Internet that white phosphorus bombs are a weapon banned by the United Nations. ]

[However, this is a wrong understanding. 】

The bullet screen flew out:

"Ah, isn't it? That's what the Internet says?"

"Isn't it so?"

"..."

Many ancient people from all dynasties looked at the high-altitude giant screen and were very curious:

"What kind of weapon is white phosphorus bomb?"

Unfortunately, the high-altitude giant screen did not answer their curiosity, and no information related to white phosphorus bomb appeared.

……

[The use of landmines is very common in the military, but not every type of landmine is legal. 】

[What weapons are legal and what weapons are illegal? 】

[When fighting, can you really take care of it? 】

[Why should there be restrictions on weapons? 】

[Hello, friends and relatives, today I will talk to you about the restrictions of "International Law on" weapons. 】

……

The plane of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty.

After reading this preface, Zhu Zhanji couldn't help but mutter:

"Weapons are weapons, how can there be a distinction between legal and illegal?"

"And who can think about this when fighting?"

"The later generations are really weird."

"Grandpa, don't you think so?"

Zhu Zhanji finally asked Zhu Di.

Zhu Di paused for a moment and replied:

"Maybe they are worried that the weapons are too powerful and will harm all mankind, such as nuclear weapons."

He had been thinking about this question just now.

And one possibility he thought of was this.

At this time, Zhu Gaochi on the side interrupted:

"But, Dad, I remember that many other countries proposed to destroy nuclear weapons at the United Nations, and then they were vetoed by the five permanent members."

"Judging from the attitude of the five permanent members, I think it is unlikely that they will agree to ban nuclear weapons."

"Boss, your speculation is not unreasonable."

Zhu Di nodded.

But if this is the case, it would be even more strange.

If even nuclear weapons, which can be called world-destroying weapons, are not banned, then what other weapons are worth banning?

With great curiosity, Zhu Di continued to look at the giant screen in the sky.

……

[In 1868, at the invitation of Tsarist Russia, a group of countries held an International Military Committee meeting in St. Petersburg to consider the desire to ban the use of certain projectiles between civilized countries during war. ]

[As a result of the meeting, the countries signed a declaration called "Declaration on the Renouncing the Use of Certain Explosive Projectiles in War", also known as the St. Petersburg Declaration. ]

[The declaration mentioned: The actions of war should be subject to the principle of humanity. ]

[This is also the first time in human history that a specific weapon has been officially banned for humanitarian reasons. ]

The barrage flew out:

"Spring and Autumn Period?"

"Haha, similar to this kind of rules and regulations in war, we Chinese have rich experience in the Spring and Autumn Period."

"..."

Looking at the huge screen in the sky.

Many ancient people in the past dynasties were a little confused.

What is humane or inhumane in war?

Isn't this a self-defeating move?

At the same time.

There are other ancient people who look at the discussion in the barrage and wonder why people in later generations would mention the Spring and Autumn Period of China here.

Soon, some ancient people understood that people in later generations were talking about the "Spring and Autumn Period with many righteous wars".

The so-called "Spring and Autumn Period with many righteous wars" means that the wars in the Spring and Autumn Period are different from the wars in most periods of Chinese history.

Although "rituals collapsed and music was destroyed" at that time, people were still more or less affected by "rituals".

Therefore, there were many conventional rules when the two armies fought in the Spring and Autumn Period.

For example, in a battle, if you are more courageous and rush into the enemy's base camp and rush to the other side's monarch, no matter how busy you are, you must salute the other side's monarch to show respect.

This is not nonsense. According to the "Zuo Zhuan·Cheng Gong 16th Year", "Xi Zhi met the soldiers of the King of Chu three times. When he saw the King of Chu, he would dismount, take off his helmet and walk in the wind. The King of Chu asked Yin Xiang, a craftsman, to ask him about the bow. He said: "When the affairs are serious, there are heels with leather, which is a gentleman. If you don't have good knowledge and insight and walk in the wind, won't it hurt you?"

"

GeneralIt means that during the battle of Yanling between Jin and Chu, when the general He of Jin led his troops to fight against the army of Chu, he met the king of Chu three times in the chaos. Every time he saw the other side, he would get off the chariot, take off his armor and salute.

The king of Chu was also very polite. He was worried that the other side would be injured because he was busy saluting him, so he asked the people around him to give him a bow as a token of his affection.

For example, the idiom "laughing at a hundred steps when you are fifty steps away" is actually because there is a rule in the Spring and Autumn period when the army is fighting: you cannot chase the defeated enemy army, and even if you chase, you cannot go beyond fifty steps.

So those who ran 50 steps are qualified to laugh at those who ran 100 steps for fear of death.

Mencius's "No righteous war in the Spring and Autumn Period" means that all wars are unjust, and the righteousness here mainly refers to justice.

In fact, most of the wars in the Spring and Autumn Period were very rule-abiding, which was earlier and more particular than the chivalry in the West.

……

[War and humanity, they sound like two words that go in opposite directions. ]

[However, the international rules we commonly call the law of war are scientifically called international humanitarian law. ]

The bullet screen flew out:

“I heard it for the first time, and my knowledge has increased.”

“It turns out to be like this, but why does it feel a bit strange.”

“…”

Many ancient people in all dynasties had the same feeling, which was indeed a bit strange.

……

[International humanitarian law does not discuss whether you beat someone, right? It only discusses whether the means by which you beat someone are reasonable? ]

[What is reasonable? ]

[Killing the enemy and weakening the enemy's military strength as much as possible is reasonable. ]

207

[We are not asking every soldier to hold a "gun of mercy" and not fire at the enemy at all. 】

【However, unnecessary mental and physical suffering caused to the injured exceeds the legal limit. In strict terms, this is called the prohibition of the use of weapons, projectiles and materials, and methods of warfare that are of a nature to cause excessive injury and unnecessary suffering. 】

【For example, bullets that expand or deform in the human body, that is, dum-dum bullets, were banned by the Hague Declaration in 1899 because of their cruel killing characteristics. 】

……

Accompanied by narration subtitles.

A video demonstrating the shooting effect of dum-dum bullets was inserted into the high-altitude giant screen.

After watching it, the ancients of all dynasties were shocked.

After this bullet hits a person, it will expand and spread in the body!

This killing power is indeed a bit large.

But, many ancient people still can't understand why this bullet should be banned?

They think that when used to kill the enemy, shouldn't the greater the power, the better?

Who cares if the enemy is in pain?

Many ancient people thought it was strange that later generations banned certain weapons for this reason.

……

[In addition. ]

[Indiscriminate weapons, that is,Weapons of mass destruction are also restricted by international law. 】

[Typical examples are biological weapons and chemical weapons. 】

[The key to judging whether a weapon is indiscriminate is whether it can target specific military targets or whether it can cause indiscriminate and uncontrollable damage. 】

[In addition to these two types of weapons, the third type of restricted weapons are weapons that may cause long-term damage to the natural environment. 】

[These three categories can actually overlap, such as biological and chemical weapons, which are indiscriminate weapons and may also cause long-term impacts on the environment. 】

……

The plane of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang looked at this passage on the giant screen in the sky and pondered in his heart.

He can understand the prohibition of indiscriminate weapons. This is probably because he is afraid of accidentally injuring third parties.

After all, the power of those weapons in later generations is greater than that of others. It is impossible to accurately lock the target. What if the wrong one is hit?

There is also a third type of banned weapons, which he can understand a little.

Because he thought of the harm of nuclear radiation seen in the previous video.

That is something that will cause long-term damage to both people and the environment.

But thinking of this, Zhu Yuanzhang had the same doubts as Zhu Di and others.

In fact, according to these three criteria, nuclear weapons meet all of them.

Then why are nuclear weapons not banned?

Yes, Zhu Yuanzhang also guessed that the five permanent members who possess nuclear weapons would not agree to ban the use of nuclear weapons.

After a little thought, Zhu Yuanzhang smiled.

It seems that it is the same in ancient and modern times. Rules are only used to restrain the weak.

……

[So, specifically, which weapons are illegal? 】

……

The eyes of the ancients in all dynasties looking at the giant screen in the sky became more focused.

They are curious about what other weapons are banned besides the dum-dum bullets mentioned just now? .