I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

In the sky-high giant screen.

The video is refreshed.

A new video appears.

[Why did the Ottoman Empire last for more than 600 years? Is it because of its bloody inheritance system? 】

…

The Great Qin Plane.

Qin Shi Huang was shocked:

"Six hundred years of empire?!"

This is a piece of information that shocked Qin Shi Huang.

In the previous video, he learned that there was a so-called "dynasty cycle law" in ancient China.

For thousands of years, all Chinese dynasties did not last more than 300 years.

And this Ottoman Empire could actually exist for 600 years. Isn't this a breakthrough in the "dynasty cycle law"?

How did it do it?

What does this bloody inheritance system mean?

Qin Shi Huang stared at the sky-high giant screen, eager to see the next video content.

In fact.

Not only Qin Shihuang, but also many emperors in other dynasties had the same idea.

They were very curious about how the Ottoman Empire broke through the limitations of the "Dynasty Cycle Law" and extended its national life to 600 years.

……

[Looking back at the ancient feudal dynasties of China, the national life of each dynasty was basically difficult to exceed 300 years. ]

[Whether it was the Tang and Song Dynasties or the Ming and Qing Dynasties, these unified and powerful Central Plains empires basically existed for 300 years as a cycle. ]

[However, at the intersection of the Eurasian and African continents, a legendary country with a history of more than 600 years was born, and it was the Ottoman Empire. ]

[From its founding in 1299 to its destruction in 1922, it lasted for more than 600 years, and its vitality was not weak. 】

[Compared with other powerful empires that "rise and fall suddenly" all over the world, the Ottoman Empire, which has a national life of more than 600 years, can be called a world miracle. 】

[Someone once said that the reason why the Ottomans were able to establish a great empire that existed for more than 600 years and spanned Europe, Asia and Africa was mainly due to the cruel and bloody succession system of the throne in this country. 】

[But is this really the case? 】

[Today, the UP host wants to talk to you about this issue. 】

……

The plane of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Di was quite shocked when he saw this.

From 1299 to 1922, doesn't this mean that it runs through the three Chinese dynasties of the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty?

In his dynasty, it naturally existed.

How could he not know that there is such a powerful country in the world today that spans three continents, Asia, Europe and Africa?

But in fact, Zhu Di knew about the Ottoman Empire.

However, he did not know that it was the Ottoman Empire.

During the Ming Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire was called the Rumi Kingdom.

According to the "History of Ming Dynasty" and "Ming Shilu", in the 21st year of Yongle(1423), "Rousu Huihui Haji Alima came to pay tribute, and ordered the Ministry of Rites to entertain him." This is the earliest record of the tribute envoys of the Rumi Kingdom coming to China to pay tribute.

And in the records of the Ming Shilu, in the following years of the first year of Hongxi (1425), the second year of Xuande (1427), the eighth year of Xuande (1433), and the tenth year of Zhengtong (1445), there were Rumi envoys who came to China to offer tribute and went to Beijing to pay tribute.

However, according to later research, many historians believe that these so-called Ottoman envoys who came to pay tribute may have been impersonated by Ottoman merchants or merchants from small countries in Central Asia and West Asia.

The real Ottoman Empire sent formal envoys to establish diplomatic relations with the Ming Dynasty in the 32nd year of Jiajing (1553).

During the Ottoman-Safavid War, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire sent a large number of envoys and military technicians to the East, hoping to make the Ming Dynasty an ally and ask the Ming Dynasty to help him threaten the rear of the Safavid Persian Dynasty.

However, this group of official envoys of the Ottoman Empire did not meet Emperor Jiajing, and thus failed to complete their diplomatic mission.

On the contrary, when the delegation returned home, the city of Ganzhou they passed through was suddenly harassed by the Mongols, so the delegation entered Ganzhou City to avoid the war.

Later, the war intensified, and the officers and soldiers guarding the city were insufficient. Yang Xin, the general of the Ming Dynasty, sent the Hui centurion Ma Nengyan to persuade the Rumi delegation to help the Ming army defend the city together.

The Ottoman Empire's delegation readily accepted this request and fought side by side with the Ming soldiers on the city wall.

As a result, nine people died in the battle when the Mongolian army attacked the city. This incident was also recorded in the Ming History: "The Mongolians invaded Ganzhou. General Yang Xin ordered more than 90 people from the Rumi Mission to help defend the city. Ali and nine other people died in the battle. After a grand funeral, their king was given a pension."

In short, the Ming Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire have had exchanges since the Yongle Dynasty.

Speaking of the Ottoman Empire, Zhu Di didn't know.

But if it was the Rumi Kingdom, he would know.

……

[Before talking about the bloody succession system of the Ottoman Empire, we need to first understand the "history of the rise" of the Ottoman Empire. ]

[The Ottomans were originally a small tribe of the Turks, belonging to a nomadic people. ]

The barrage flew out:

"Are they Eastern Turks or Western Turks?"

"Reply - Western Turks."

"..."

The plane of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Shimin and the officials of the Tang Dynasty were a little surprised.

I didn't expect that the Turks who were beaten and fled everywhere by the Tang Dynasty would eventually establish such a great empire in the future.

Although Li Jing led the army to conquer the Eastern Turks, the Tang Dynasty was no stranger to the Western Turks.

Because after the Tang Dynasty occupied the territory of the Eastern Turks, it had the opportunity to have direct contact with the Western Turks.

The border area was originally unstable, and friction or ethnic conflicts were easy to occur between the two countries.

With the national strength and style of the Tang Dynasty at that time, it was naturally impossible to retreat.The two sides had many conflicts.

To be more precise, the Western Turks were beaten by the Tang Dynasty.

When Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty came to power, the Tang Dynasty simply sent Su Dingfang to lead the army to destroy the Western Turks.

In short, whether it was the Eastern Turks or the Western Turks, they were all weaklings in the eyes of Li Shimin and others at this moment.

So they were still a little shocked that the Turks could later establish an empire spanning Asia, Europe and Africa, with a national life of 600 years.

……

[The Ottomans originally lived carefree on the grasslands in Central Asia, grazing, wrestling, running horses, and enjoying themselves. ]

[But they were born at the wrong time, and a man named Temujin unified the Mongolian grasslands. ]

[The Mongolian cavalry became the nightmare of that era, and no one wanted to provoke this eagle on the grassland. ]

[There is a saying that goes, if you can't afford to provoke, can't you hide? 】

【So, this small Turkic tribe moved to Asia Minor and attached themselves to the Seljuk Empire, becoming its vassal. 】

【At this time, they gradually developed, actively learned some advanced civilizations, almost shed the habits of nomadic tribes, settled down, and in 1299 AD, taking advantage of the division of the Seljuk Empire, they became independent, which became the most primitive prototype of the Ottoman Empire. 】

【It is worth mentioning here that the reason why the country is called Ottoman is mainly because the leader who led it to independence at that time was called Osman. 】

【In 1453 AD, the Ottomans destroyed the Byzantine Empire, established their capital in Istanbul, and regarded themselves as the heirs of the Eastern Roman Empire, calling themselves the Ottoman Empire. 】

【After understanding these backgrounds, let's take a closer look at the bloody succession system of the Ottoman Empire. 】

……

The eyes of emperors of all dynasties looking at the giant screen in the sky became more and more focused.

The following content is what they are most interested in.

What exactly is the bloody succession system of the Ottoman Empire?

Is it really this system that allowed the Ottoman Empire to continue for six hundred years?

If this is true, many emperors really want to learn from it.

As for the question of whether it is bloody or not, in the eyes of many emperors, it is not a big problem.

It is too normal for bloody things to happen during the struggle for the throne.

It has happened in many dynasties.

But what these emperors don’t know at this time is that the bloody succession system of the Ottoman Empire is even bloodier than they imagined.

……

[The bloody succession system of the Ottoman Empire can be roughly divided into three periods. ]

[First, the period of mutual killing. ]

[The emperor of the Ottoman Empire is called the Sultan, which is roughly equivalent to the emperor in my country’s feudal history. 】

【For thousands of years, my country has followed the system of primogeniture, where the son inherits the throne after the father's death. If there is no son, the system of elder brother inheriting the throne can be adopted. 】

【The Ottoman Empire still maintains the custom of the steppes.]

……

The Great Han Emperor Wudi plane.

Liu Che's eyes showed a thoughtful look.

The Great Han's mortal enemy, the Xiongnu, was also a grassland country. He had some understanding of the Xiongnu's Chanyu inheritance system.

Although the Xiongnu did not have an absolute order of succession, and the previous Chanyu could not be completely designated.

But there were still certain rules.

And the Ottoman Empire's "the strongest inherits the throne" system, isn't that equivalent to no system?

How to prove the strongest?

Then they can only fight each other, and whoever wins in the end is the strongest.

But in this way, wouldn't the country fall into internal friction? Wouldn't this damage the country's strength?

Liu Che had some questions in his mind.

……

[In the early days of its establishment, the Ottoman Empire faced tests from all aspects. 】

【At that time, there were many factions in Asia Minor, and there were countless tribes of all sizes. If the Sultan wanted to maintain the stability of the Ottoman Empire, he had to hold on to power. Who could he rely on the most? 】

【The answer is the Sultan's sons. 】

【After all, there is no closer relationship in the world than the relationship between father and son. 】

【So in order to control power, the princes were sent to the local areas, and these Ottoman princes had their own army, administrative agencies and courts in their posts. They were simply small governments in their own right. The purpose was to allow the princes to control the local areas and accumulate experience in national governance. 】

【In essence, it is the same as Zhu Yuanzhang sending his sons to guard the country. 】

【No matter what, sons are closer than ministers. Even if they have the idea of ​​rebellion, the country will eventually belong to the old Zhu family. 】

【The Sultan's policy was also based on this consideration. 】

……

The plane of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang said unhappily:

"What nonsense!"

He asked his sons to guard various places in order to protect the Ming Dynasty.

But he did not intend to train these sons to develop their power, accumulate experience in governing the country, and finally have a "strongest inherit the throne".

And under his arrangement, the local princes of the Ming Dynasty did not actually have much power...

Not only could they not interfere in local administrative affairs, but even the military power when leading the army to go on an expedition was temporary.

This is completely different from the Ottoman Empire's practice of letting the princes establish small governments in the local areas.

……

【Things went very smoothly. These princes were trained in the local areas. The excellent heirs made the old Sultan dazzled for a while, and he really didn't know which one to choose as the heir. 】

[So, he simply kicked this problem out and adopted a policy of "ruling by doing nothing and letting nature take its course", that is, after he died, whoever arrived in the capital first would be the heir. 】

……

"Ah?"

"So casual?"

ChapterMany ancient people in the past dynasties were stunned instantly.

This is the throne of a country, how could it be so careless?

Just to see who can run faster?

It is indeed a bit outrageous.

In addition to being shocked, many emperors in the past dynasties also felt that this practice was quite inappropriate.

How can such a rule convince the public?

In the end, all parties will inevitably fight each other.

Thinking about it, the emperors of the past dynasties also understood that "the strongest inherits the throne" means this.

Running fast is the superficial rule, and winning the fight is the ultimate rule.

……

[The old Sultan is also open-minded. His children and grandchildren have their own blessings. No matter who kills who, the one who stays in the end is the most skillful heir. ]

[You know, these heirs have territories and armies. The struggle between them often means national unrest and bloodshed. 】

[Some of the princes who were defeated chose to unite with foreign nations and launch repeated attacks on the throne. 】

[For the long-term stability of the country, although this system selected the best heirs, the sequelae were still heavy. 】

[The new sultans of the Ottoman Empire would spend a lot of energy on dealing with his brothers, and the country was in turmoil for many years. 】

…

The plane of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Di nodded slightly.

Although this model, which is similar to raising poisonous insects, can select the strongest prince with a high probability.

But it is not a good thing for the whole country.

Just like the Chinese dynasties basically adopted the system of primogeniture inheritance, is it because the eldest son is the best?

Of course not.

Because this system has the most legal orthodoxy and can have a clear standard to avoid disputes.

……

[This period of mutual slaughter in the Ottoman Empire lasted until 1389 AD. ]

[This year, the bloody succession system of the Ottoman Empire entered its second period: the period of killing brothers and slaughtering brothers. ]

[In 1389 AD, Bayezid I became the fourth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. ]

[In order to consolidate his rule, Bayezid I ordered the execution of his younger brother after he ascended the throne. His move kicked off the bloody "parricide" system of the Ottoman Empire. ]

[And this "parricide" system is the real bloody succession system of the Ottoman Empire. ]

[Starting from Bayezid I, whenever a new Sultan appeared in the Ottoman Empire, he would kill all his brothers to consolidate his throne. 】

【In 1444, the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, who conquered Constantinople, officially incorporated the "4.1 Law of Parricide" into law, making the imperial sultan's killing of his brothers legal. 】

【Mehmed said openly: "Any of my sons, chosen by God as Sultan, he kills him for a better world order.'s brothers, are all appropriate. "】

[Among the sultans who implemented the "parricide law", the most cruel one was Selim I.】

[This sultan not only killed his brothers after ascending the throne, but also killed his other twenty or so sons in order to allow his son Suleiman the Magnificent to ascend the throne smoothly.】

...

Seeing this.

Many common people in all dynasties were shocked.

Isn't this too bloody and cruel?

Is there no family affection between the princes of the Ottoman Empire?

This bloody succession system completely broke through the moral concepts of many ancient people.

They simply couldn't understand why the Ottoman Empire had to adopt such a bloody system?

In fact.

Not to mention the ordinary people in all dynasties, even the emperors of all dynasties who knew the cruelty of the struggle for imperial power were deeply shocked.

| =|

Although there is no kinship in the royal family, it is not uncommon for princes to kill each other in order to compete for the throne.

In order to ensure that their designated heirs can smoothly inherit the throne, the emperors of China usually suppress some important ministers and relatives, and even kill their sons' mothers or potential competitors.

But it is extremely rare for the emperors of the Ottoman Empire to do so.

How can you kill all your brothers without leaving a single one alive?

Moreover, this is when a prince has already won the battle for the throne and has successfully become the emperor of the Ottoman Empire, oh no, the sultan.

Is this necessary?

What is even more incredible is that this practice was actually written into the law of the Ottoman Empire, and it can be blatantly, without scruples, and without any reason.

This is too outrageous! .