I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

【Dong Zhongshu had three key points in transforming Confucianism】

【The first is the Great Unification, which comes from the Confucian"Gongyang Chunqiu", which provides a theoretical basis for the centralization of"external Confucianism and internal law"】

【The second is the induction of heaven and man, and the divine right of kings, which comes from the ideas of the Yin and Yang family. This proves the legitimacy of the emperor's rule through the myth of imperial power.】

【The third is the Three Cardinal Guidelines and the Five Constant Rules, which establishes a set of hierarchical order in which the king is the guideline for the ministers, the father is the guideline for the son, and the father is the guideline for the wife.】

【In addition, Dong Zhongshu also absorbed some ideas from Taoism, Mohism, Legalism and other schools, such as Taoism's understanding of"there are certain things"."，"The understanding of"nothing" demonstrates the physical and functional relationship between monarch and ministers, and advocates the establishment of perfect laws, etc.】

【At this time, Dong Zhongshu's Confucianism had completely deviated from pre-Qin Confucian thought.】

"Good guy, according to current terms, it is a large suture monster."

"Reply - Low EQ: Stitch Monster; High EQ: Master of Arts"

"Reply - One thing to say is that although it is stitched together, Dong Zhongshu can establish a logical and self-consistent system to integrate these statements, which is also very impressive."

"Reply - Therefore, the idea of ​​deposing Bai Jia is actually not accurate. Bai Jia’s ideas are all in his system and have not completely disappeared."

"I personally feel that Dong Zhongshu used the basic theory of Yin Yang and Five Elements to integrate the thoughts of various schools of thought, which basically has nothing to do with Pre-Qin Confucianism."

"The Three Cardinal Principles and the Five Constant Principles imprison thoughts and cause endless harm."

"Reply - The theory of the Three Cardinal Guidelines is actually Dong Zhongshu's development of Han Feizi's thought that ministers serve the king, sons serve the father, and wives serve their husbands. If the three are in harmony, the world will be governed, and if the three are contrary, the world will be in chaos. The theory of the Wuchang comes from the Confucianism of the Pre-Qin Dynasty. Wu Lun"

"Reply - The source is correct, but Dong Zhongshu transformed them according to his own purposes. For example, Confucius talked about monarchs, ministers, fathers and sons, emphasizing the behavioral norms between monarchs and ministers, and between fathers and sons. After the transformation , to make everyone in the world absolutely obey the king"

"Reply - It is not absolute obedience, he also used the method of heaven and man's induction to restrain the imperial power"

"In my personal opinion, Dong Zhongshu’s set of things is definitely backward from our current perspective, but in the social environment of ancient times, it can be regarded as a standard answer."

"Reply - I don't like what he said. Originally, Chinese cultural thought was characterized by openness and diversity. But after he did this, there was only one path left for the subsequent development of Chinese thought and culture."

"Reply - Yes, if hundreds of schools of thought are allowed to develop freely, we in China will light up the technology tree first."

"Reply - Have you ever thought that if there is no unified ideological core, China will fall apart if it cannot be preserved, and the unification situation cannot be sustained?"

"……"

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

All the scholars looked at the huge screen in the sky and were shocked.

They really didn't expect that the ideas of various families would be integrated in this way. certainly.

Except for Confucianism, other schools are more dissatisfied with this matter.

Although Dong Zhongshu's theory contains shadows of various schools of thought, they have all been transformed.

And they all turned into the so-called"Confucian" thought. more importantly

"The approach of"deposing hundreds of schools of thought and respecting only Confucianism" fundamentally and politically denies the rationality of the existence of other schools.

This is unacceptable to the other schools.

On the other hand, the pre-Qin Confucians had a negative view of Dong Zhongshu. Everyone has different views on the ideological system.

Some people are disgusted and think that his tampering with Confucianism is a betrayal of Confucianism.

Some people praise it and believe that Dong Zhongshu has provided a new development direction for Confucianism.

Some people, from a realistic perspective, believe that Dong Zhongshu has completed the"deposition of Confucianism"."One hundred schools of thought only respect Confucianism", which is a great contribution to Confucianism.

Some people criticize Dong Zhongshu's ideological system for too strengthening the royal power.

……

【The purpose of this is simple】

【1. Strengthen the centralization of power to prepare for the future crusade against the Huns and the cleanup of the princes.】

【Second, unify values. Although the Qin Dynasty implemented the system of prefectures and counties and was able to annex all the vassal states, managing such a large territory would inevitably lead to the problem of the sky being high and the emperor being far away.】

【To solve this problem, it is necessary to establish a unified set of ideas, unified standards, and unified values, so that all officials in the Western Han Dynasty can deal with the problem in a coordinated manner】

【Once officials have unified standards, people will have unified concepts. This is an extremely critical step.】

【Qin Shihuang unified writing and currency, while Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pioneered the unification of thought.】

"In this sense, the approach of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Dong Zhongshu had a positive effect and solved the problem of ideological unification in a cultural way."

"For a unified dynasty, the whole society must have a unified ideological core, otherwise it will not last long"

"The West uses religion to solve the problem of ideological unity, but we in China use a more advanced cultural method to solve the problem, ensuring the centripetal force and resilience of Chinese civilization."

"There may be problems with the theoretical system used to unify thoughts, but the necessity of unifying thoughts cannot be denied."

"Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became an emperor throughout the ages not only because of his victory over the Xiongnu, but also because of his great contribution."

"……"

The plane of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Che looked at the giant screen high in the sky and felt quite happy.

Of course he is happy that his merits have been praised by future generations for thousands of years. the other side.

Dong Zhongshu looked at the giant screen in the sky with a complicated expression.

He saw the different views of later generations on him, including approval and criticism.

Some of these criticisms are indeed due to his poor thinking, but some are due to the fact that he can only do this.

……

【However, did the emperors really believe in the Confucianism transformed by Dong Zhongshu?】

【Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty once said:"The Han family has its own system, which is originally based on the overlord's way. However, it is purely based on moral education and uses Zhou government! Moreover, the vulgar Confucianism is not up to date. It seems that it is ancient but not modern, which makes people dazzled by the name and reality. What you have to protect is nothing more than an appointment!"】

【Obviously, in their hearts, they actually despise this idea of ​​"stitching"】

【After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, although the Confucian-dominated strategy was established, Confucianism was also divided into multiple factions, such as Xunzi and Mencius. Although they were both Confucians, they were completely different sides. Even if they faced the same text, both sides would The explanations are also quite different】

【Since we want to create a unified standard, the second explanation cannot and is not allowed.】

【Therefore, in the period of Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty in 79 AD, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty issued an order to invite the country's great scholars to hold the first high-level academic conference in Chinese history at Baihu Temple, which was known in history as the"White Tiger Temple Conference"."】

【The meeting was directly chaired by Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty. Officials asked questions, and Confucian scholars gave answers after discussion. Then Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty made a personal decision, and then the historian Ban Gu summarized and organized it, and finally wrote the book"White Tiger Justice".】

【Although this book is said to come from Confucianism and was written by Confucian scholars, it actually has nothing to do with Confucianism.】

【The content of the book covers the world view, social system, daily life, and even life guides, etc., ranging from the formation of the entire world to the age at which a person gets married, all of which are clearly explained.】

【《The emergence of"White Tiger Tongyi" means that the imperial power completely monopolized the right to interpret Confucianism】

"In a sense, the right of interpretation is more important than the content"

"Reply - Indeed, the original meaning is not important, what is important is what the emperor wanted it to mean."

"This is based on Dong Zhongshu's ideological system and further strengthens the imperial power."

"To put it more bluntly, imperial power used Confucianism as a tool"

"Interestingly, in the West at that time, the Roman Empire also held many conferences on the issue of religious characterization."

"Reply - It seems they are all fighting for the right to explain."

"……"

The plane of Ming Taizu.

Zhu Yuanzhang found this formulation of the right of interpretation very interesting and revealed the secret.

Since the time when Confucianism was the sole focus on Confucianism, did the emperors who respected Confucianism really believe in Confucianism? Do you really advocate the so-called Confucian orthodoxy? of course not.

What the emperors promoted were Confucian ideas that helped strengthen and consolidate imperial power.

Those parts that are not conducive to imperial power will be ignored or even suppressed.

As later generations said, for the emperor, Confucianism was a tool.

However, the words of later generations were a bit too explicit and did not reflect well on the imperial power.

Zhu Yuanzhang frowned, feeling a little unhappy.

However, even if he was unhappy, there was nothing he could do.

Zhu Yuanzhang quickly calmed down and said to Zhu Biao:

"Boss, take a good look and think more."

He asked Zhu Biao to receive Confucian education from an early age, but he did not want Zhu Biao to become an out-and-out Confucianist.

"good. Zhu

Biao nodded and replied.

He understood what his father, Zhu Yuanzhang, meant.

Zhu Yuanzhang had expressed his attitude to him in private on the issue of Confucianism. (To read Baoshuang novels, go to Feilu Novel Network!)

……

【At that time, there was a scholar named Wang Chong. After hearing about the emergence of"White Tiger Tongyi", he was so angry that he immediately wrote a book"Lunheng", specifically criticizing the contents in Baihu Tongyi that had been tampered with by Confucian scholars and emperors.】

【As a result, Wang Chong (bbci) was forced to resign, and"Lunheng" became a banned book】

【This was the first revolution in Confucianism】

【And when will the next great revolution in Confucianism occur?】

【The Qingli New Deal during the Song Renzong Period in the Song Dynasty】

【To be more precise, it was the failure of Qingli’s New Deal that promoted new changes in Confucianism】

【Because the reform failed, we need to find other solutions to solve the problems of the Song Dynasty】

"There is nothing wrong with the reform itself. The failure of Qingli's New Deal was mainly due to crony warfare and Song Renzong's vacillation."

"Reply - Song Renzong had a too good temper, in other words, he was weak, so his ideas were easily swayed by others and he could not firmly support reforms."

"Reply - Fan Zhongyan and others were too hasty and rushed to change without long-term planning and step-by-step implementation measures. The idea was good, but in practice there were a lot of problems."

"Reply - I started hastily without thinking clearly and ended hastily."

"……"

The plane of Renzong of the Great Song Dynasty.

Song Renzong, Fan Zhongyan and others looked at each other in confusion[]

Did the reform they planned to carry out fail?

Originally, after seeing the great results achieved by the later Dragon Kingdom's reform and opening up, they were full of confidence in the Song Dynasty's reforms.

However, when they saw the video narration and numerous barrages on the giant screen high in the sky, their ambitions suddenly suffered a heavy blow.

"Your Majesty, it seems that the reform requires long-term consideration and careful planning."

"However, reform is imperative!"

"With the early warning from future generations, this reform will definitely not fail again!"

Fan Zhongyan said to Song Renzong in a deep voice, his tone full of confidence.

He was worried that Song Renzong would retreat.

He actually understood Song Renzong's character.

But the situation in the Song Dynasty was critical, and it was time to change.

It's just that After receiving the reminder from the giant screen at this moment, he felt that he needed to think more about the reform.

Song Renzong nodded.

But he was a little hesitant at this time.

What if it still fails?

This idea was in Song Renzong's mind Can't hover

……

【So in the late period of the Qingli New Deal, the elite groups in society unanimously believed that the reason why the Song Dynasty was poor and weak was because there was something wrong with the Song Dynasty's thinking, because the Confucianism handed down from the Han Dynasty was not orthodox Confucianism, and we had to break the rules. , redefining Confucianism】

"The Song Dynasty was weak, wasn’t it?"

"There is indeed a problem with thinking, but it is a problem with Zhao Dading's idea of ​​emphasizing culture and restraining military force. It has nothing to do with Confucianism or not."

"……"

The plane of Taizu of the Great Song Dynasty.

Zhao Kuangyin sighed slightly in his heart.

He has been criticized many times by later generations for his"emphasis on culture and restraint on military affairs."

……

【Based on the need to redefine Confucianism, Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty created two brand-new schools, namely Neo-Confucianism and Xinxue. The main branches include Xinxue, Lianxue, Guanxue, Luoxue, Shuxue, Minxue, Wu Xue, Lu Xue Xue, etc.】

【The focus is on Fujian studies and Lu’s philosophy of mind】

【Lu’s Psychology is also known as Lu Wang’s Psychology, where Lu refers to Lu Jiuyuan, the founder of Psychology. Because later Wang Yangming inherited and developed the Psychology, it is also called"Lu Wang’s Psychology""】

【Lu Jiuyuan believes that the origin of the universe is principle, which can be understood as the essence and principles of things. Different people have different ideas about things, and different individuals interpret things from different angles. This is called""Heart is reason", your inner thoughts determine the nature of things!】

【On the other hand, Fujian school is just the opposite.】

【In Zhu Xi's view, the origin of the universe is also principles, such as the sun rising in the east and setting in the west and the water falling from high to high. However, this kind of principle belongs to the rules of heaven and earth, and it will not change due to people's likes and dislikes. This is called heavenly principle.】

【It should be said that Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty made great progress based on the further integration of Buddhism, Taoism, and the thoughts of famous pre-Qin masters and Mohists. The Xin School became a philosophical thought, and the Neo-Confucian School possessed scientific concepts.】

【So why did Neo-Confucianism become a tool to imprison people’s thoughts in later generations?】

【This involves the point I mentioned at the beginning: if the imperial power and vested interests monopolize the final interpretation of this doctrine, then no matter whether the doctrine itself is good or bad, it will eventually become a tool.】

【Because these people don't need innovation, they just want a package】

【Is this a problem with a certain thought? of course not】

【The ideas of Confucian scholars also transcended the times】

【For example, Huang Zongxi in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty proposed the idea that"the world is the master and the king is the guest" and advocated people to limit the imperial power.】

【Another example is that Li Zhi in the late Ming Dynasty advocated that people should find a path different from the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties. He criticized the emperor's imperial rule and asked the rulers to liberate human nature and establish a free market. This formed the basis of modern thought.】

【As a result, he was arrested on the charge of"daring to promote chaos, confuse the world and slander the people"】

【Therefore, looking at this ideological struggle that has lasted for thousands of years, we will find that it is not so much Confucianism that shapes Chinese civilization, but more that China shapes Confucianism according to practical needs.】

【Various classes, especially the imperial power, attached their respective practical needs to the name of Confucianism, thus making it appear that Confucianism shaped China.】

"This summary is insightful enough"

"Ever since the time of Dong Zhongshu, Confucianism has become a frame, and everyone has put their own private goods into it."

"Feudal dynasties often secretly replaced Confucianism with the personal will of the king. The Confucian classics believed by the common people were only the Confucian classics spoken by the rulers."

"Confucianism was not the only choice for the history of Chinese civilization at that time, but why did it become the ruler?The first choice, lasting through generations? It must be the core competitiveness of Confucianism"

"Reply - My personal opinion is that the framework of Confucianism is well established, and each class can find points that suit their own interests within the framework and make changes, so Confucianism has become the final choice."

"……"

Many Confucian scholars in the past dynasties after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were at a loss. Is this the truth about the Confucianism they learned?

And the other side.

Many emperors in the past dynasties had ugly expressions.

The content of the giant screen exposed their thoughts and practices too thoroughly.

And they are also worried that the people will be deceived.

Ancient people had their own ideas.

The video refreshes on the high-altitude giant screen..