I make a popular science video and all the emperors learn from it!

Chapter 71

The Tang Dynasty seems to be unstable.

Li Shimin almost collapsed.

Isn’t it good that the Tang Dynasty was prosperous?

This time, it can be regarded as a big trick.

Light curtain! What's your crime?

Li Shimin complained crazily in his heart, but he didn't dare to do anything to the light curtain.

This thing is weird and unpredictable.

Don't know what other functions it has.

It's better not to act rashly.

The ministers also slowly recovered from their shock.

Changsun Wuji knelt down and shouted:"Your Majesty, please issue an order to restrict gunpowder throughout the country and bring all sulfur, saltpeter, sugar and other materials under the control of the imperial court." The other ministers looked at each other for a moment.

Almost at the same time, he knelt down and agreed.

Li Shimin had this intention.

He quickly issued several imperial edicts.

Done everything.

He muttered worriedly:"Don't cause any trouble, Guangmu, I beg you not to make weapons."

Another dynasty.

Wu Zetian also collapsed.

The dynasty she ruled was even more prosperous than that of Li Shimin.

There is only a lot of gunpowder scattered among the people!

"hiss~~"

Wu Zetian held her eyebrows with a headache.

Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang is teaching Zhu Tan a lesson

"You bastard!"

"You don’t have a long memory yet, do you?"

"Come here, give us a wooden stick. If I don't break one of your legs today, our surname will not be Zhu."

Zhu Yuanzhang was chasing after him.

But Zhu Tan ran so fast that even one of his shoes ran away.

As he ran, he shouted:"Dad! After listening to the explanation, I am refining gunpowder to contribute to the Ming Dynasty, not for my own immortality."

Zhu Yuanzhang laughed angrily.

"Do you think we can trust you easily?"

Then, he casually took the 22 wooden stick handed to him.

The Zhutan man was frightened and yelled:"Dad, don't beat me yet. I'm going to buy some sugar and try to see what can be made by adding sugar."

"..."Zhu Yuanzhang:"You really want to die!"

"OK"

"We'll make it happen for you!"

Then, I heard the screams of ghosts and wolves howling.

Another dynasty.

Zhu Di looked at the light screen curiously.

He wanted to know what powerful thermal weapons there were.

He took the opportunity to learn them secretly.

This feeling was great.

Qing Dynasty.

Qianlong complained

"It’s so noisy, why don’t you quickly educate me on science?"

"I want to see The Age of Hot Weapons. He

Shen immediately flattered him:"Long live my lord, this matter cannot be rushed. Anyway, the era of thermal weapons was created by the Qing Dynasty, so we can't escape.""

Qianlong felt a lot more comfortable after hearing this.

Yes.

After all, it was his descendants who created an era.

No one can deny this.

【3. Application of gunpowder】

【Gunpowder in the Tang Dynasty】

【Before the invention of gunpowder, fire attack was a common offensive method used by military strategists. At that time, a weapon called a rocket was used in the fire attack. It was made by attaching some flammable substances such as grease, rosin, and sulfur to the arrows. Substance, ignited and shot with a bow to burn the enemy's position】

【If gunpowder is used instead of general flammable substances, the effect will be much better】

【Before the invention of gunpowder, a trebuchet was commonly used in sieges and defenses to throw stones and grease fireballs to destroy the enemy. After the invention of gunpowder, trebuchets were used to throw gunpowder packets instead of stones and grease fireballs. According to the records of"Nine Kingdoms" written by Lu Zhen of the Song Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Ai of the Tang Dynasty (10th century), King Zheng led his army to attack Yuzhang and"sent fire" to burn down the Longshamen of the city.】

【This may be the earliest record of using gunpowder to attack a city.】

【Gunpowder in the Song Dynasty】

【During the Song Dynasty, gunpowder weapons developed rapidly】

【According to the Records of the Soldiers of the Song Dynasty, in 970 AD, the Ministry of War ordered Shi Feng Jisheng to learn the rocket method. This method is to tie a gunpowder barrel to the front end of the arrow shaft, and after igniting it, the reaction force of the gas ejected backwards from the burning gunpowder is used to shoot out the arrow cluster. The world's earliest flamethrower】

【In 1000 AD, Tang Fu, a soldier-turned-sacred guard captain, presented the rockets, fireballs, fire caltrops and other firearms he made to the Song court.】

【In 1002, Ship Pu, the commander of the Jizhou regiment, also made rockets, fireballs and other firearms and performed them. The emergence of gunpowder weapons on the battlefield heralded a series of changes in military history. Transition from the stage of using cold weapons to the stage of using firearms. The initial form of gunpowder used in weapons mainly utilized the burning properties of gunpowder】

【《The early gunpowder weapons recorded in"Wu Jing Zong Yao" have not yet departed from the category of arson weapons in traditional fire attacks. With the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons, there has been a gradual transition to utilizing the explosive properties of gunpowder】

【Gunpowder mixed with potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal powder is called black powder or brown powder.】

【This mixture is highly flammable and burns quite violently】

【If gunpowder burns in a closed container, it will explode. When gunpowder burns, it can produce a large amount of gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide) and heat. The volume of solid gunpowder, which was originally very small, suddenly expands to thousands of times. At this time, the container will explode. This is the explosive property of gunpowder】

【A variety of firearms can be made using the burning and explosive properties of gunpowder】

【The gunpowder weapons used in the Northern Song Dynasty for different purposes were all made using the principle of black powder combustion and explosion. ] Tribulus fireballs and poison smoke balls are firearms with relatively low explosive power. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, relatively powerful explosive firearms were developed, such as the"Thunderbolt Cannon"."、""Shocking Thunder" also appeared】

【This type of firearm is mainly used for attacking or defending cities.】

【In 1126 AD, when Li Gang was defending Kaifeng, he used thunder cannons to repel the siege of the Jin soldiers.】

【The war between the Jin Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty further improved artillery. Zhentianlei is an iron firearm and an explosive weapon with an iron shell. When the Yuan army attacked Jin's Nanjing, Jin soldiers used this weapon to defend the city.】

【《"Jin Shi" has this description of Zhentian Lei:"Gunpowder breaks out, the sound is like thunder, the heat reaches more than half an acre, human and cowhide are broken without leaving a trace, and armor and iron are all penetrated." This description may be a bit exaggerated, but it is a true portrayal of the power of gunpowder. The development of firearms depends on the research and production of gunpowder】

【《There are three gunpowder formulas recorded in"Martial Arts General Essentials". Gunpowder in the Tang Dynasty contained the same sulfur and nitrate content, 1:1, while in the Song Dynasty it was 1:2, or even close to 1:3. It is similar to the formula of later black gunpowder in which nitrate accounts for three-quarters.】

【A small amount of auxiliary ingredients are added to gunpowder to achieve the effects of being flammable, explosive, toxic and creating a smoke screen. Gunpowder is continuously improved and developed during the manufacturing and use processes】

【1044 The book"Martial Arts General Essentials" edited by Zeng Gongliang introduces three gunpowder formulas, using different auxiliary materials, to achieve different effects of being flammable, explosive, toxic and creating smoke screens. 】(To read exciting novels, go to Feilu Novel Network!)

【Due to the continuous wars in the Song Dynasty, the demand for firearms increased day by day. During the Song Dynasty, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty set up an arms supervisor to oversee the country's arms manufacturing. The Ordnance Supervision employs more than 40,000 workers. It is divided into ten workshops, one each for the production of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons, and occupies a very important position. History books record the scale of production at that time:"On the same day, 7,000 powder arrows were produced for crossbows, 10,000 powder arrows for bows, 3,000 caltrop cannons, and 20,000 leather cannons."】

【These all promoted the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons. Tubular firearms appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Chen Gui invented the musket in 1132 AD. The musket is made of a long bamboo pole. The gunpowder is first loaded into the bamboo pole, and the gunpowder is ignited and sprayed at the enemy during combat. When Chen Gui guarded Ande, he used more than 20"long bamboo pole muskets""】

【In 1259 AD, someone in the Shouchun area made a Tuhuo gun. The Tuhuo gun was made of thick bamboo tubes. The difference between this tubular firearm and the musket is that the musket can only spray flames to burn people, and the Tuhuo gun is equipped with a"child nest" , the gunpowder is ignited and generates strong gas pressure, which shoots the"child nest" out. The"child nest" is the original bullet】

【The musket pioneered the use of tubular firearms that fired projectiles. Modern guns gradually developed from tubular firearms. So the invention of tubular firearms was another big leap in the history of weapons.】

【The sudden fire gun is also called the sudden fire tube. Maybe it is made of bamboo tubes and got this name.】

【《The book"March Instructions" cited in"Yongle Dadian" mentioned that fire tubes were used when defending the city in the Song Dynasty to kill and injure enemies who climbed onto the city. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, this primitive tubular firearm made of bamboo tubes was replaced with copper or iron and cast into cannons, which were called"fire guns"."】

【A copper firegun dating from 1332 is the earliest existing inscribed tubular firearm in the world.】

【The development of firearms in the Ming Dynasty】

【In terms of combat firearms, the Ming Dynasty invented a variety of"multi-shot rockets", such as the"Firebolt Meteor Arrow" that fired 10 arrows at the same time; the"Swarm of Bees" that fired 32 arrows; and the"Hundred Tigers Running Together" that fired up to 100 arrows. Arrow" etc.】

【Zhu Di, the king of Yan in the Ming Dynasty (later Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty), used the"swarm of bees" when he fought with Emperor Jianwen at Baigou River."】

【This is the world's earliest multiple salvo rocket and can be called the originator of modern multiple rocket launchers.】

【What is particularly worth mentioning is that a firearm called the"Fire Dragon Out of Water" was used in water wars at that time.】

【According to"Armageddon" records, this kind of firearm can fly three or four feet above the water and as far as two or three miles. This kind of rocket is made of bamboo wood. It has four large"fires" attached to the dragon-shaped outer shell and several small rockets hidden in the belly. The big"fires" are ignited and propel the rocket body to fly,"like a fire dragon emerging from the water." After the gunpowder burns out, the small rocket in the belly is ignited and shot out from the dragon's mouth. Hitting the target will cause the enemy's"men and ships to be destroyed." This is the world's earliest two-stage rocket】

【In addition, the book also records prototype missiles with certain explosive and combustion properties such as the"Shenhuo Flying Crow". The"Shenhuo Flying Crow" is made of thin bamboo strips and tissue paper and is made into a crow shape. It is filled with gunpowder and propelled by four rockets.】

【It is the world's earliest multi-powder cartridge parallel rocket, and its working principle is very similar to today's large strap-on launch vehicles.】

【The development of rockets gave people the desire to use the thrust of rockets to fly into the sky】

【According to historical records, at the end of the 14th century, Wan Hu, a brave man from the Ming Dynasty, sat on a chair equipped with 47 of the largest rockets at the time, holding a large kite in each hand, trying to achieve flight with the help of the thrust of the rocket and the lift of the kite. dream】

【Although this was a failed attempt, Manhu is credited with being the first person to fly using a rocket】

【In order to commemorate Wanhu, a ring mountain on the moon was named after Wanhu】

【The development of firearms in the Qing Dynasty】[]

【Just don’t say it】

【During the Qing Dynasty, although weapons were more advanced than those of the Ming Dynasty,】

【However, corruption within the Qing government was extremely serious】

【Slow military training and slow maintenance and updating of weapons......】

【There are even cases of shells being faked!】

【When the two armies were fighting, the soldiers discovered that the cannonballs they used were not filled with gunpowder, but were filled with sand.】

【......】 at the same time.

Ordinary people in various dynasties were confused after hearing this.

What is this?

Can't understand.

But the final Qing Dynasty resonated with their emotions!

In the streets and alleys.

People discussed in small groups

"Qing Dynasty?"

"What kind of dynasty is this? Cannonballs can be faked!"

"That is, can the people still live?"

"Once the enemy invades, their artillery shells cannot be fired. How can they use money to send the enemy away?"

"ah? Using all military expenditures as war reparations, the Qing Dynasty really had an idea"