[Continue to popularize science.] 】

[Popular science on the earth, the ten most precious natural resources!]

[Sixth place: coal.] 】

Coal is a solid combustible mineral that was buried in the ground by ancient plants and underwent complex biochemical and physicochemical changes. 】

Coal is known as black gold, the food of industry. 】

[It is one of the main energy sources used by the human world since the eighteenth century, and since the beginning of the twenty-first century, although the value of coal is not as good as before, after all, for a long time, coal is still one of the indispensable energy sources for our human production and life. 】

【History:】

[Although the important position of coal has been replaced by oil, for a long period of time, due to the depletion of oil, it will inevitably decline, and coal due to huge reserves, coupled with the rapid development of science and technology, coal gasification and other new technologies are becoming more and more mature and widely used. 】

[China is the first country in the world to use coal. 】

[In the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", coal is called Shini, and coal is called graphite or charcoal in the Wei and Jin dynasties. 】

[Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" in the Ming Dynasty used the name coal for the first time. 】

Greek scholar Theophrastus, who wrote the History of Stone in about 300 B.C., recorded the nature and origin of coal, and ancient Rome began to use coal for heating about 2,000 years ago. 】

【Scope of application:】

[Coal has a wide range of uses, which can be summarized into three main uses according to its purpose of use: thermal coal, coking coal, coal for coal chemical industry, mainly including coal for gasification, coal for low-temperature dry distillation, coal for hydrogenation and liquefaction, etc. 】

[Thermal coal. 】

[(1) Coal for power generation: More than 1/3 of the coal in China is used for power generation, and power plants use the calorific value of coal to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. 】

[(2) Coal for steam locomotives: accounting for about 3% of coal used for power. 】

[(3) Coal for building materials: accounting for more than 13% of power coal, with cement using the largest amount of coal, followed by glass, bricks, tiles, etc.] 】

[(4) Coal for general industrial boilers: In addition to thermal power plants and large-scale heating boilers, there are many types of industrial boilers used in general enterprises and heating, which are large and scattered, and the coal consumption accounts for about 26% of thermal coal. 】

[(5) Domestic coal: The amount of domestic coal is also large, accounting for about 23% of fuel coal. 】

[(6) Metallurgical thermal coal: metallurgical thermal coal is mainly anthracite for sintering and blast furnace injection, and its consumption is less than 1% of the amount of power coal. 】

[Coking coal. 】

[The main use of coking coal is coke, coke is made of coking coal or mixed coal smelting at high temperature, generally about 1.3 tons of coking coal can make one ton of coke. 】

[Coke is mostly used in steelmaking, is the main raw material for the production of steel and other industries, and is known as the "basic food" of the steel industry. 】

【......】

【Coal Mining:】

Coal mining has always been the hardest work, and efforts are being made to improve working conditions. 】

[Due to the different burial depths of coal resources, two methods are generally adopted: mine mining (deep burial) and open-pit mining (shallow burial). 】

[The proportion of resources that can be mined in the open pit is an important indicator to measure the quality of mining conditions. 】

[China's reserves that can be mined in the open pit account for only 7.5%, 32% in China, and 35% in Australia.]

[Open-pit mining. 】

[Remove the topsoil and rock (overburden) from the coal seam and mine the exposed coal seam.] 】

[This coal mining method is customarily called stripping mining, because the coal exposed to the ground has been exhausted, and it is necessary to strip the topsoil to make the coal seam exposed. 】

[This method is most suitable for use in places where the coal seam is not buried deeply, and many modern open-pit mines use equipment sufficient to remove the overburden layer up to 60 meters thick. 】

[Open-pit mining is the most economical for mining areas where the terrain is flat, the ore layer is horizontally extended, and a large area of stripping can be carried out.] 】

[When the topography of the deposit is undulating or mountainous, the steps are built by stripping along the contour line, with a hillside on one side and an almost vertical cliff on the other. If the ground is damaged or completely destroyed by open-pit mining, measures should be taken to restore the ground. 】

[Mine mining. 】

[For coal seams that are buried too deep to be mined by open pits, there are three ways to obtain the passage to the coal seam, namely vertical shafts, inclined shafts, and flat shafts. 】

A shaft is a vertical shaft excavated from the ground to provide access to a certain coal seam or several coal seams. A shaft dug from under one coal seam to another is called a blind shaft. Underground, the mined coal is poured into a bunker next to the shaft below the seam level, and then loaded into a shaft bucket and lifted up from the shaft. 】

[Inclined shaft is a kind of inclined roadway used to mine non-horizontal coal seams or from the ground to a certain coal seam or between multiple coal seams. The inclined shaft is equipped with a belt conveyor for transporting coal, and the personnel are transported by rail car. 】

[Pingtong is a horizontal or near-horizontal tunnel, excavated in the horizontal or inclined coal seam in the surface of the outcrop, often with the coal seam excavation, it allows any conventional method to continuously transport coal from the working face to the surface. 】

【......】

【World Distribution:】

Coal is the world's most widely distributed fossil energy resource, which is mainly divided into four categories: bituminous coal and anthracite, subbituminous coal and lignite. 】

[60% of the world's recoverable coal reserves are concentrated in the United States (25%), the Soviet republics (23%) and China (12%). 】

[In addition, Australia, Argentina, Germany and South Africa, the four countries accounted for a total of 29%. 】

[The coal production of the above seven countries or regions accounts for 80% of the world's total output, and the proven coal reserves are more than 63 times the oil reserves, and the countries with rich coal reserves in the world are also the main producers of coal. 】

【......】

【In China, the distribution of coal:】

[China is rich in coal resources, and it is distributed in all provinces and regions except Shanghai, but the distribution is extremely uneven. 】

【......】

After reading it, the ancients were filled with joy and sorrow.

Happily, Huaxia is no longer at the bottom of coal resources, but the third in the world!

Sadly, most of the coal in China is deep underground, which is extremely difficult to mine!

"Don't stop me! Now I declare that rice is our second home!"

"Brother Tai calm down, think about it carefully, there is only one China in the world, why make rice a second home. "

"Oh, this brother is right! Your Majesty, if you have the foresight, you will definitely take your advice. "

"Alas, it's annoying, there is a lot of coal, I can only see that I can't use it, it's uncomfortable!"

"~Don't say it!Are you trying to me off?"

"......" (read violent novels, go to Feilu Novel Network!)

Han dynasty.

Liu Bang was silent directly after reading it.

It's hard to have a kind of resource, which is high in the world rankings, but the results are not easy to exploit!

Most are even buried deep underground.

Separated by such a thick land, there is no mining equipment for later generations.

No matter how much coal he finds, he won't be able to dig it out!

I'm tired, so be it.

Tang dynasty.

The corners of Li Shimin's mouth twitched slightly, and he complained: "It's rice country again." "

"It's the first time I've seen it..."

He thought about it, and the number of times was indeed a bit much, so he simply stopped thinking about how many times.

"In the future, the United States will become my great enemy in China!" Li Shimin's tone was firm.

The United States is completely blessed. []

Not only are the production areas of the top few high-yielding crops, but even other natural resources are mostly at the forefront of the world!

High-yield grain means that the people can eat enough and have a population.

The abundance of natural resources means that they are suitable for development.

With the blessing of these two factors, it is conceivable how rapid the development of the United States once civilization is born!

Li Shimin didn't dare to underestimate this future enemy, and said with sharp eyes: "I have already decided, the first battle of colonization, I will choose the land where the rice country is located!"

The surrounding ministers also showed approving glances.

Such a strong enemy must be contained before it grows!

Ming dynasty.

Zhu Di patted his forehead.

Yes, there are so many coal mines that they are almost useless.

It's not for nothing.

At least a significant part of the open-pit coal mines, with the potential to be excavated.

It just so happened that the steam engine he ordered someone to develop was produced and could be inspected.

At this time, there was a shortage of coal.

Zhu Di instructed: "Write down all the coal mines in Daming, and then immediately send people to confirm them one by one." "

"Report the places that can be mined. "

He couldn't wait to start the colonial era.

As for the first stop of colonization, do you still need to choose a prisoner?

You can choose the country of rice without brains!.

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