I make a popular science video and all the emperors learn from it!

[2. Modern means of transportation. 】

[13. Spaceship. 】

[A spaceship is a spacecraft that transports astronauts and cargo to space and returns safely. 】

Since ancient times, human beings have liked to look up at the starry sky. 】

[And the closest planet to the Earth, the Moon, is endowed with many mysteries. 】

[The moon, an ancient story, she records the history from ancient times to the present, and is an ancient book with rich knowledge. 】

[From ancient times to the present, I don't know how many poets have cherished the moon and praised the moon. 】

[Li Bai's "Raise a glass to invite the bright moon, and the shadow becomes a trio;]

[Su Shi's "Ask the Wine Heaven to the Blue Sky";

[Li Yu, the queen of the Later Tang Dynasty, in the sigh of "When is the spring flower and autumn moon", the Later Tang Dynasty was wiped out;]

[Li Bai expressed his homesickness in "Raising his head to look at the bright moon and bowing his head to miss his hometown.....]

[Liu Yuxi's "Shaojun led me to the jade altar, and invited the true immortal official from afar", and he has been looking up at the moon on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival. 】

[In the legend, there are also many about the moon: Chang'e stole the elixir and flew to the moon, I don't know if Wu Gang is still cutting down the osmanthus tree, whether Chang'e is still guarding the empty Guanghan Palace, and the tengu eating the moon has brought people a short panic......]

[With the yearning for the moon, mankind finally successfully landed on the moon on July 21, 1969!]

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[Science spaceship. 】

【Development History:】

[The world's first manned spacecraft, the former Soviet Union's "Vostok" 1 spacecraft, was launched on April 12, 1961. 】

[It consists of two cabins, the upper one is a sealed manned cabin, also known as the astronaut cockpit.] 】

[This is a sphere with a diameter of 2.3 meters.] 】

[The capsule is equipped with a life support system that can ensure the water and gas supply for the astronauts' lives, an attitude control system to control the attitude of the spacecraft, a beacon system to measure the flight trajectory of the spacecraft, a parachute recovery system for landing, and an ejection seat system for emergency life. 】

[The other cabin is the equipment cabin, which is 3.1 meters long and 2.58 meters in diameter.] 】

[The equipment compartment has a braking rocket system that makes the manned cabin out of the flight trajectory and return to the ground, a battery that supplies electric energy, a gas cylinder for gas storage, a nozzle and other systems. 】

[The total mass of the Vostok 1 spacecraft is about 4700 kg. 】

[It and the launch vehicle are both disposable, and can only perform one mission.] 】

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【Ship Classification:】

[So far, mankind has successively researched and produced three configurations of spacecraft, namely single-cabin, double-cabin and three-cabin. 】

[Among them, the single-cabin type is the simplest, only the astronaut's cockpit, and the first astronaut Glenn in the United States is to take the single-cabin "Mercury ~" spacecraft to the sky;]

[The dual-cabin spacecraft is composed of a cockpit and a service module that provides power, power, oxygen and water, which improves the working and living environment of astronauts, and the world's first male and female astronauts to ride the former Soviet Union's "Vostok" spacecraft, the world's first astronaut to fly the former Soviet Union's "Ascend" spacecraft and the United States' "Gemini" spacecraft all belong to the double-cabin type;]

[The most complex is the three-cabin spacecraft, which is based on the double-cabin spacecraft or adds an orbital module (satellite or spaceship) to increase the activity space, conduct scientific experiments, etc., or add a lunar module (lunar landing spacecraft) for landing on or off the lunar surface, the former Soviet Union/Hairy Bear Country's Soyuz series and the United States "Apollo" spacecraft are typical three-cabin types. 】

[These spacecraft are the pioneers of manned spacecraft and have opened the curtain of manned spaceflight. 】

[It has an indelible role in the history of manned spaceflight. 】

[Some are still active in the front line of manned spaceflight, and the Soyuz series of spacecraft are still in use today. 】

【Technical Requirements:】

Although spacecraft is the simplest type of manned spacecraft, it is much more complex than unmanned spacecraft (e.g., satellites, etc.). 】

[Although the sparrow is small, it has all kinds of organs. 】

[Spacecraft have similarities with returnable satellites, but they need to carry people, so many special systems have been added to meet the various needs of astronauts working and living in space. For example, environmental control and life support systems, telephonic communication systems, instrumentation and lighting systems, spacesuits, manned maneuvers, and escape systems for air renewal, wastewater treatment and regeneration, ventilation, temperature and humidity control, etc. 】

[Of course, mastering spacecraft re-entry and safe re-entry techniques is also crucial.] 】

[Especially for spacecraft, in addition to limiting the brake overload of the spacecraft during the return process to the tolerance range of people, it should also make its landing point accuracy higher than that of the re-entry satellite, so as to detect and rescue astronauts in time.] 】

[The former Soviet manned spacecraft once had poor landing accuracy, and as a result, the astronauts were trapped in the icy forest and almost froze to death. 】

[There are three conditions for people to go to heaven. 】

[In addition to developing manned spacecraft, it is also necessary to have a carrier vehicle with a large carrying capacity and high reliability; it is necessary to find out the impact of the high-altitude environment and the flight environment on the human body and to find effective protective measures. 】

[The sky is high and the ship can fly. The spacecraft of the future will develop in three directions:]

[It has a variety of functions and uses; the control accuracy of the return landing point is improved to within the range of 100 meters; the cockpit that returns to the ground can be reused after appropriate repairs.] 】

[Spaceship Structure:] (If you read a violent novel, you can go to Feilu Novel Network!)

[The manned spacecraft is currently the smallest manned spacecraft, which can only be used once, and can generally fly alone for several days to more than ten days in space orbit, and can also be used as a "ferry" between the ground and the space station or between the ground and the moon and between the ground and the planets, and can also dock with the space station or other spacecraft for joint flight. 】

[The cockpit is the core of the manned spacecraft, usually using a large blunt-headed rotating body without wings, some are spherical, some are bell-shaped, and this simple shape has the characteristics of simple structure and easy to realize in engineering. 】

[When the spacecraft re-enters the atmosphere, the cockpit can decelerate sharply at an altitude of 40km above the ground, and the peak deceleration (also called maximum overload) caused is about 8g (up to 3~4g with semi-ballistic path return mode). 】

[Such a deceleration can be withstood by selected and trained astronauts. The cockpit generally has a porthole with a wide field of vision, so that astronauts can observe the preparatory activities before launch, the docking situation in orbit, the attitude during the return ignition, and the ground conditions of the re-entry landing. 】

[The service cabin is also called the propulsion module, equipment cabin or instrument cabin, which is generally immediately behind the cockpit. Equipment such as propulsion systems, power supplies, gas cylinders, and water tanks are usually installed to provide support and service to the spacecraft, and to provide oxygen and water to the astronauts. 】

[The orbital module, also known as the working module, is located in front of the cockpit to increase the space for astronauts to move. It is generally an astronaut's on-orbit workplace, which is equipped with a variety of test equipment and experimental instruments. 】

[The airlock cabin is a device that ensures that all the gas in the spacecraft does not leak into space when the astronauts are in orbit, that is, an airtight device for astronauts to enter or return from space. In a 2-cabin spacecraft it is part of the cockpit, and in a 3-cabin ship it is part of the orbital module. 】

[The docking mechanism is also called the docking module, which is connected to the cockpit or orbital module and is used for docking and locking with other spacecraft or space stations. 】

[The emergency rescue device of a manned spacecraft is used to ensure the safe return of astronauts to the ground or transfer to other manned spacecraft in an emergency.] 】

[There are several kinds of ejection seats, lifetowers, separating cockpits and manned mobile devices. 】

[In order to ensure that astronauts can enter space and return to the ground safely, manned spacecraft are generally equipped with multiple subsystems, such as structural subsystems, life support subsystems, thermal control subsystems, attitude control and orbit control subsystems, propulsion subsystems, radio communication and measurement (Dezhaohao) control subsystems, power supply subsystems, instrument and lighting subsystems, and return and landing systems. Double】

[Among them, the life support subsystem, emergency rescue subsystem, instrument and lighting subsystem, etc. are unique to manned spacecraft.] 】

[Therefore, it is much more complex than unmanned satellites, and it is a breakthrough leap in human space technology. 】

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[Huaxia's spacecraft is a series of Shenzhou spacecraft, starting from the Shenzhou 1 unmanned spacecraft to the Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft, making Huaxia the third country in the world to master manned spaceflight technology and successfully launch manned spacecraft after the United States and Mao Xiong country. 】[]

[In the early morning of January 20, 1999, the test flight of China's first spacecraft "Shenzhou" was successfully launched and recovered, marking a very important step in China's aerospace technology. 】

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[Please take a look at a video of China's first spacecraft "Shenzhou" launched on the moon. 】

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