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[2. Modern means of transportation. 】

[7. Aircraft. 】

[Airplane refers to a heavier-than-air aircraft with wings and one or more engines, which can fly in the atmosphere by its own power. 】

【Main Categories:】

[Aircraft can be divided into two categories: military aircraft and civil aircraft according to their use. 】

[Military aircraft refers to aircraft used in various military fields, while civil aircraft refers to all aircraft for non-military purposes (such as passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, agricultural aircraft, sports aircraft, ambulance aircraft, and experimental research aircraft, etc.). 】

[The traditional classification of military aircraft is roughly as follows:]

[Fighter aircraft.] 】

[Also known as a fighter, it was called a destroyer before World War II.] Its main purpose is to engage in air combat with enemy fighters, seize air supremacy, and can also intercept enemy bombers, attack planes and cruise missiles. 】

[Strike machine. 】

[Also known as attack aircraft, its main purpose is to attack ground (surface) targets (such as fortifications, ground radars, artillery positions, tank ships, etc.) from low and ultra-low altitudes to directly support ground forces operations. 】

[Bomber. 】

[Refers to military aircraft that bomb enemy frontline positions, sea targets, and strategic targets behind enemy lines from the air.] According to its mission, it can be divided into two types: tactical bomber and strategic bomber. 】

[Reconnaissance aircraft. 】

[It is a military aircraft specializing in aerial reconnaissance and collecting enemy military intelligence.] According to the task, it can also be divided into tactical reconnaissance aircraft and strategic reconnaissance aircraft. 】

[Transport aircraft. 】

[Refers to a military aircraft that specializes in carrying out transport tasks.] 】

[AWACS. 】

[Refers to an aircraft specifically used for early warning in the air.] 】

[Other military aircraft. 】

[Including electronic jamming aircraft, anti-submarine aircraft, training aircraft, air tankers, carrier-based aircraft, etc.] 】

[Civil Aircraft:]

[According to the use of aircraft, civil aircraft can be divided into three types. 】

[One is an all-passenger aircraft, with people in the main cabin and cargo in the lower cabin; second, an all-cargo aircraft, with all cargo in the main cabin and the lower cabin; and a mixed passenger and cargo aircraft, with passenger seats in the front of the main cabin, which can be loaded with goods in the rear and can also be loaded with goods in the lower cabin. 】

【...】

【Aircraft Structure:】

[Since the emergence of airplanes in the world, although the structural form of aircraft has been continuously improved, and the types of aircraft have been increasing, so far, except for a very few special forms of aircraft, most aircraft are composed of the following six main parts, namely: wings, fuselage, tail, landing gear, control system and power plant. 】

Each of them has its own unique function. 】

[Fuselage.] 】

[The fuselage is mainly used to carry personnel, cargo, fuel, weapons and airborne equipment, and through it, the wings, tail, landing gear and other components are connected into a whole. In light aircraft, fighter planes, and attack aircraft, the engine is often installed in the fuselage. 】

[Wings. 】

[The wing is the main component used to generate lift on the aircraft, which is generally divided into two wing surfaces: left and right. 】

[Wings usually have straight wings, swept wings, delta wings, etc.] The front and rear edges of the wing are kept basically straight and called the straight wing, the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing are swept backward called the swept wing, and the plane shape of the wing is called the delta wing, the former one is suitable for low-speed aircraft, and the latter two are suitable for high-speed aircraft. 】

[Recently, advanced aircraft have also adopted plane shapes such as edge strip wings and forward-swept wings. 】

[There is an aileron on the trailing edge of the left and right wings, and the pilot uses the ailerons to roll and maneuver. 】

[That is, when the pilot presses the lever to the left, the ailerons on the left wing deflect upwards and the lift of the left wing decreases; the ailerons on the right wing deviate downward, the lift of the right wing increases, and the aircraft rolls to the left under the effect of the difference in lift between the two wings.] In order to reduce the take-off ground speed and landing ground speed, and shorten the take-off and landing run, the trailing edge of the left and right wings is also equipped with flaps. 】

[The flaps are usually in the retracted position, and they are lowered during take-off and landing.] 】

【Rear wing.】 】

[The tail wing is divided into two parts: vertical tail and horizontal tail. 】

[1. Vertical tail.] 】

The vertical tail is vertically installed at the tail of the fuselage, and its main function is to maintain the directional balance and control of the aircraft. 】

[Usually there is a rudder on the rear line of the vertical tail.] 】

[The pilot uses the rudder to maneuver the direction.] 】

[When the pilot uses the right side, the rudder right door, the relative air flow blows on the vertical tail, so that the vertical tail produces a left side force, and this lateral force produces a moment that makes the nose of the aircraft deviate relative to the center of gravity of the aircraft, so that the nose of the aircraft deviates to the right. 】

[Similarly, when pedaling the left rudder, the rudder is deflected to the left and the nose is deflected to the left.] Certain high-speed aircraft, without separate rudders. The entire vertical tail is deflected with the pedal manipulation, which is called a full-motion vertical tail. 】

[2. Horizontal tail.] (Read the violent novel, go to the Feilu Novel Network!)

[The horizontal tail is horizontally installed at the tail of the fuselage, and its main function is to maintain pitch balance and pitch control. 】

[The front section of the horizontal tail of the low-speed aircraft is a horizontal stabilizer, which is not maneuverable, and its trailing edge is equipped with an elevator, and the pilot uses the elevator to carry out pitch control. 】

[That is, when the pilot pulls the rod, the elevator deviates upward, and when the relative airflow blows to the horizontal tail, the horizontal tail produces additional negative lift (downward lift), which produces a moment to the center of gravity of the aircraft to make the nose tilt, so that the aircraft lifts its head. Similarly, when the pilot pushes the cup, the elevator deviates downwards and the aircraft bows its head. 】

[The supersonic aircraft adopts a full-motion flat tail, that is, the horizontal stabilizer and the elevator are integrated. 】

[When the pilot pushes the lever, the entire horizontal tail is deflected.] 】

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[The pilot uses a full-motion flat tail for pitch maneuvering.] 】

[Its operating principle is the same as that of an elevator.] 】

【......】

[Landing gear.] 】

[The function of the landing gear is to enable the aircraft to take off, land, taxi and park on the ground or water. It also absorbs the impact energy through the landing gear during landing, improving landing performance. 】

【...】

[Control system.] 】

[Aircraft control system refers to the whole system from the pilot's cockstick (disk) in the cockpit to the horizontal tail, aileron, rudder and other control surfaces, which is used to transmit the pilot's control instructions and change the flight state. 】

[The early control system was a purely mechanical control system composed of tie rods and rocker arms (or steel cables). 】[]

[Modern aircraft use a lot of automatic control devices in the control system, so it is often called the flight control system. 】

[Power unit.] 】

[Aircraft power plant is a device used to generate pull (propeller aircraft) or thrust (jet aircraft) to make the aircraft move forward.] 】

[The power unit using thrust vectoring can also be used for maneuvering flight.] 】

[Most modern military aircraft are jet aircraft. 】

[The power plant of jet aircraft is mainly divided into two categories: turbojet engine and turbofan engine. 】

【Principle of Flight:】

[The cross-section of the wing of the aircraft is generally round and blunt at the front end, sharp at the rear end, with the upper surface arched and the lower surface relatively flat. 】

[When equal mass air passes through the upper and lower surfaces of the wing at the same time, different flow velocities are formed above and below the wing. When the air passes through the upper surface of the wing, the flow velocity is large and the pressure is small, and when the air passes through the lower surface, the flow velocity is small and the pressure is strong, so that the aircraft will have an upward resultant force, that is, the upward lift, because of the existence of lift, the aircraft can leave the ground and fly in the air. 】

[The faster the aircraft flies and the larger the wing area, the greater the lift generated.] 】

[The direction of gravity is the opposite of lift, it is a downward force generated by the gravitational pull of the earth, and the gravity force is affected by the weight of the aircraft itself and the amount of fuel it carries. 】

[The pulling force prompts the aircraft to fly forward in the air, and the power of the engine determines the size of the pulling force. 】

[In general, the greater the engine output, the greater the thrust generated, and the faster the aircraft will fly.] When the aircraft is in the air, it is hindered by atmospheric molecules in the air, and this obstacle forms a drag force that is opposite to the direction of the pulling force, limiting the flight speed of the aircraft. 】

【.......】

[In order to embody the deterrent power of the modern air force. 】

[Please see a short video about the Haiwan War below.] 】

【... Dry].