I make a popular science video and all the emperors learn from it!

【Popular science continues】

【To understand steam locomotives, you must first understand the working principle of steam engines】

【The principle of steam engine is to convert the energy of steam into mechanical work】

【A metaphor that is best understood: boiling water!】

【Boil water in a clay pot. When the water boils, lift the lid of the clay pot.】

【This is the energy of the steam, which is converted into mechanical work to lift the lid.】

【The emergence of the steam engine triggered the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century】

【Until the beginning of the 20th century, it remained the most important prime mover in the world, and later gradually gave way to internal combustion engines and steam turbines.】

【A steam engine requires a boiler that boils water to produce high-pressure steam. This boiler can use wood, coal, oil or natural gas, or even combustible garbage as a heat source.】

【"627" Steam expansion drives the piston to do work】

【Boiler classification:】

【Fire tube shape, used in the boilers of early ships and steam locomotives】

【In a fire tube boiler, the hot smoke from the combustion chamber is discharged from the chimney through the flue】

【This type of boiler requires a relatively tall chimney】

【Water in the shape of a water pipe is heated by hot air passing through multiple pipes】

【These pipes are at the top of the exchanger and flow into a steam collection chamber】

【An important advantage of water tube boilers is that they pose less danger in the event of damage. This is because the amount of water in the boiler is relatively small. In addition, there are not many moving mechanical parts in the boiler that will be worn. Some water tube boilers are exhausting smoke. There is also a heat exchanger on the road to improve the thermal efficiency of the entire boiler】

【Steam engine classification:】

【Depending on whether the steam works on one or both sides of the piston, steam engines can be divided into single-acting and double-acting types.】

【According to the cylinder layout, it can be divided into vertical and horizontal types】

【Depending on whether the steam expands in one cylinder or in multiple cylinders sequentially and continuously, it can be divided into single-expansion type and multiple-expansion type.】

【According to the flow direction of steam in the cylinder, it can be divided into return type and single flow type.】

【According to the exhaust mode and exhaust pressure, it can be divided into condensing type, atmospheric type and back pressure type.】

【In short, there are many types】

【...】

【Please watch below a short video of making a simple steam engine. 】

The video starts playing in the light curtain.

Cooperate with explanation

【The reciprocating steam engine is exquisitely constructed, and all parts are linked together during operation.】

【The combination of power and beauty is quite fascinating】

【This demonstration demonstrates a transparent steam engine whose main moving parts (including pistons, valves, etc.) can be seen through】

【The cylinder of this steam engine is made of glass, the piston is made of thick cardboard, and part of the manifold box is covered with transparent acrylic to make the internal structure visible at a glance and highlight the beauty of harmonious movement.】

【For the sake of safety and ease of maintenance, this steam engine is not driven by steam, but by air.】

【A vacuum cleaner is connected to the steam outlet of this transparent steam engine, and the air is poured into the steam engine from the inlet. Just like water vapor is poured into the steam engine, it can also drive the steam engine made of different materials to run quickly.】

【(If there is an air blower in the laboratory, such as the air blower used for the air cushion rail, the air blower can be directly connected to the steam inlet of the transparent steam engine to drive the steam engine.)】

【The required materials are as follows:】

【(1) A glass tube with an inner diameter of 6cm and a length of 12cm】

【(2) A piece of acrylic sheet about 2mm thick】

【(3) Silicone tube (soft tube is enough))】

【(4) Two bearings (Bearins), inner diameter 4mm】

【(5) Two wooden boards and several wooden strips】

【(6) Several wooden poles with a diameter of 4mm and 2mm】

【(7) A piece of thick paper】

【Specific production process:】

【Cut the thick paper into a disc with a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the glass tube. This disc will serve as the piston.】

【It is conceivable that this disc cannot completely seal the glass tube, but as long as it can roughly match the inner diameter of the glass tube and can slide easily in the glass tube, it will be enough】

【Drill a small hole with a diameter of 4mm in the center of the disc】

【Drill a small hole with a diameter of 4mm in another small piece of wood. Use this small piece of wood to combine the round thick paper piston with the connecting rod made of the 4mm diameter rod, and make the round thick paper piece vertical to the wooden connecting rod.】

【......】

【In addition, steam locomotives use rubber 0.....】

【In the past, rickshaws and bicycles also needed tires made of rubber.】

【The natural rubber produced by the rubber tree is the main raw material for making rubber.】

【The rubber tree is a large tree of the Euphorbiaceae family.】

【The plant is 30 meters high; the palmate compound leaves have leaflets with glands at the top, the leaflets are oval, the apex is short and the tail is pointed, the base is wedge-shaped, the entire margin is hairless, and the veins are obvious; the inflorescence is axillary, conical, covered with gray-white pubescence. The calyx lobes of male flowers are ovate-lanceolate, and the calyx lobes of female flowers are larger than those of male flowers; the capsule is oval; the seeds are light gray brown with spots; the flowering period is from April to July, and the fruiting period is from August to December.】

【When people cut down this tree, a milky white liquid will flow out】

【This liquid was later called"natural rubber", so the tree was named rubber tree.】

【The rubber tree is native to Brazil and introduced to China in 1906.】

【Rubber trees like fertile soil with good air and water permeability, like warm and afraid of cold, like gentle breeze but afraid of strong wind, and like plenty of sunshine.】

【Its propagation method is mostly by seeds, but its seeds have no dormant period and should be harvested and sown as they mature.】

【Rubber tree is not only the main raw material for making rubber, but also can be used as a raw material for making paint and soap. It can make high-quality fiber, activated carbon, furfural, etc. After chemical treatment, it can make high-end furniture, fiberboard, plywood, 1.6 pulp, etc.】

【In addition, rubber forests are also sustainable tropical forest ecosystems and non-polluting renewable natural resources. 】(To read exciting novels, go to Feilu Novel Network!)

【The current locations of rubber trees are as follows:】

【Picture (distribution of rubber trees on world map）】

【......】

The ancients were stunned.

The light curtain also teaches how to make such an awesome steam engine!

And tell them the location of the rubber tree?

So touching!

No wonder the emperor wants to give gifts to video producers. If they give well, they will be worth it!.